اثر تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک بر تحمل یخ زدگی زمستانه در انگور رقم شاهانی ‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

به‌منظور ارزیابی اثر اسیدسالیسیلیک ‌در افزایش تحمل یخ‌زدگی در انگور رقم‌ شاهانی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل‌در قالب طرح ‌بلوک‌های کامل‌تصادفی با سه‌تکرار انجام شد. عامل‌اول اسیدسالیسیلیک در سه ‌سطح (صفر، 5/0و ۱ میلی‌مولار)، عامل‌دوم زمان محلول‌پاشی در چهار سطح (مرحله رنگ‌گیری‌حبه‌ها، زمان ‌برداشت، یک‌ماه پس ‌از برداشت و مجموع ‌سه‌ زمان) و عامل‌سوم سرمای‌مصنوعی در چهار سطح (4+، 15-، 18- و 21- درجه‌سانتی‌گراد) بود که روی قلمه‌های ‌جمع‌آوری‌شده در ماه‌های دی و اسفند اعمال شد. آزمایش‌سال دوم‌ براساس نتایج آزمایش ‌سال اول طراحی ‌و شامل اسیدسالیسیلیک در سه‌ سطح (صفر، 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار) در مرحله یک‌ماه ‌پس‌از برداشت و سرمای‌ مصنوعی در چهار سطح (4+، 17-، 19- و 21- درجه ‌سانتی‌گراد) بود که روی قلمه‌های ‌جمع‌آوری‌شده در ماه‌های دی و اسفند انجام شد. براساس نتایج کاهش دما تا 21- درجه‌سانتی‌گراد منجر به افزایش پراکسیداسیون لیپیدهای ‌غشا در هر دو سال‌ آزمایش گردید و در نتیجه، درصد نشت ‌یونی، درصد نشت ‌فنول‌ها و میزان مالون‌دی‌آلدهید پس‌از اعمال‌ سرمای ‌مصنوعی افزایش یافت. همچنین در دمای 21- درجه‌ سانتی‌گراد، برخی از شاخص‌های‌ رویشی از قبیل ‌درصد سبزشدن نقطه ‌رویشی ‌اولیه، درصد سبزشدن نقطه ‌رویشی‌ثانویه و قدرت بازیابی قلمه‌ها کاهش نشان دادند. کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک با غلظت‌های 5/0 و یک میلی‌مولار در سال ‌اول‌ و 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار در سال ‌دوم باعث‌ کاهش درصد نشت‌یونی، درصد نشت‌ فنول‌ها و غلظت‌ مالون‌دی‌آلدهید در نمونه‌های بافت ‌جوانه و افزایش‌ درصد سبزشدن نقاط رویشی‌اولیه و ثانویه‌ و قدرت ‌بازیابی ‌قلمه‌های تحت تنش ‌یخ‌زدگی ‌گردید. همچنین نتایج نشان ‌داد با کاهش ‌دما تا 21- درجه ‌سانتی‌گراد، میزان‌ کربوهیدرات‌های‌ محلول، پرولین و ترکیبات‌فنولی نیز افزایش یافت. همچنین مشاهده شد ‌کاربرد اسیدسالیسیلیک با غلظت‌های 5/0 و یک میلی‌مولار در آزمایش ‌سال ‌اول و غلظت‌های 5/0 و 5/1 میلی‌مولار در آزمایش سال‌ دوم منجر به افزایش میزان‌ پرولین، کربوهیدرات‎های ‌محلول ‌و ترکیبات ‌فنولی گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of salicylic acid on winter freezing tolerance in grapevine ‎‎(Vitis vinifera cv. Shahani)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Ebadi 1
  • Asma Abbasi Kashani 2
  • Mohammad Reza Fattahi Moghadam 1
  • Majid Shokrpour 3
1 Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Ph. D. Candidate, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Cold stress as one of the major constraints on the growth and production of grapes creates huge economic damage to gardeners. Accordingly,the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid on freezing tolerance in grapevine (Vitis vinifera cv. Shahani) as a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors in the first year included SA (0, 0.5 and 1 mM), the time of spraying (veraision, harvest, one month after harvest along with all the noted three times) and temperature (4, -15,-18 and -21°C) on cuttings that collected in January and March. Second year experiment based on the results of the first year and was included SA (0, 0.5 and 1.5 mM) in the stage of one month after harvest and temperature (4,-17,-19 and -21°C) on the cutting that collected in January and March. Based on the results of this study, which deduction the temperature to -21°C increased the peroxidation of membrane lipids in 2015 and 2016 and thus, increased EC, PCL and MAD after freezing stress. Also, some of the vegetative parameters of cuttings were reduced at -21°C, such as primary bud, secondary bud burst and recovery. The use of the SA 0.5 and 1 mM in the first year and 0.5 and 1.5 mM in the second experiment reduced EC, PCL and MAD and increased primary bud burst, secondary bud burst and recovery under freezing stress. Also, the results showed deduction the temperature to -21°C increased soluble carbohydrate, and phenolic compounds. Also, it was seen that SA 0.5 and 1 mM in 2015 and 0.5 and 1.5 mM in 2016 increased soluble carbohydrate, proline and phenolic compounds.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Freezing stress
  • grapevine
  • morphological and physiological parameters
  • salicylic acid

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 911-933

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 03 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 24 دی 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 دی 1397

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