ارزیابی اثر گرد و غبار بر ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه خرمای مضافتی (مطالعه موردی منطقه سراوان)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

4 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زابل، زابل، ایران

5 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، مجتمع آموزش‌عالی سراوان، ایران ‏

چکیده

گرد و غبار از ویژگی‌های اجتناب­ناپذیر اقلیمی ایران محسوب می‌شود. امروزه یکی از معضلات کشاورزان مناطق خرماخیز تأثیر گرد و غبار بر درختان خرما است. این پژوهش، جهت بررسی اثر گرد و غبار بر ترکیبات شیمیایی میوه خرمای مضافتی در سه منطقه سراوان، جالق و روتک از توابع شهرستان سراوان در استان سیستان و بلوچستان در سال­های 1395 و 1396 انجام گرفت. در هر یک از سه منطقه تعداد 5 نخلستان و درون هر نخلستان تعداد 5 اصله درخت خرما که از نظر صفاتی مانند سن (هشت ساله)، ارتفاع و تعداد سال‌های باروری (سال سوم باروری) در شرایط یکسانی بودند، انتخاب و جهت نمونه­برداری علامت­گذاری شدند. از گرده مضافتی منطقه سراوان برای باروری همه نخل­ها استفاده شد. پس از رسیدگی میوه خرما از هر نخل نمونه­برداری انجام و مواد جامد محلول، قندکل، pH و نیز عناصر غذایی نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم بررسی گردید. تجزیه آماری صفات برآورد شده در طی دو سال متوالی بر اساس طرح آشیانه­ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر منطقه (میزان گرد و غبار) بر صفات مورد بررسی معنی­دار بود. در منطقه روتک با میزان گرد و غبار زیاد، قند کل به مقدار 16/26 درصد کمتر از منطقه سراوان با میزان گرد و غبار کم برآورد گردید. درصد عناصر نیتروژن، فسفر و پتاسیم در منطقه سراوان با میزان گرد و غبار کم به ترتیب 49/0، 68/0 و 48/1، و در منطقه روتک با میزان گرد و غبار زیاد به ترتیب 32/0، 49/0 و 24/1 برآورد گردید. از آنجایی که سه منطقه از لحاظ میزان گرد و غبار متفاوت بودند، می­توان گفت بروز پدیده گرد و غبار باعث کاهش مواد مغذی میوه خرمای مضافتی و لذا کاهش کیفیت و بازارپسندی آن می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of dust on chemical compounds of Mazafati date fruit (Case ‎study: Saravan region)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Osman Omara 1
  • Mahmoud Ramroudi 2
  • Alireza Rashki 3
  • Mohammad Galavi 4
  • Mitra Jabbari 5
1 Ph.D. Candidate,, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
4 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Zabol University, Zabol, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Higher Education Complex of Saravan, Saravan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Dust is one of the inevitable climatic features of Iran. Today, farmer’s most problem in the date regions is the effect of dust on date palm trees. This study carried out to investigate the effect of dust on Mazafati date fruit's chemical composition in three regions: Saravn, Jalq, and Routak in Sistan and Baluchistan province in 2016 and 2017. In each region five groves and in each grove, five palm trees with the same age (eight-year-old), height, number of reproductive years (third year of reproduction) were selected and marked for sampling the studied traits. Saravan region pollen was used to fertilize all trees. Some traits such as total soluble solids (TSS), total sugar content, pH, and also nutritional elements nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were measured. Statistical analysis of the estimated traits was performed for two consecutive years based on the nested design. The result showed that the effect of the region (amount of dust) was significant for all traits. In Routak region with high dust content, total sugar was estimated to be 26.16% less than the Saravan region with low dust content. The percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in Saravan region with low dust level was estimated 0.49, 0.68 and 1.48, respectively, and in Rotek region with high dust level was 0.32, 0.49 and 1.24, respectively. Since the three regions were different in terms of dust content, we can say that dust reduces the nutrients of Mazafati date fruit and reduces the quality and marketability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Baluchistan
  • date
  • dust
  • quality‎

مراجع

  1. Abd El-Ghani, M.M., Huerta-Martínez, F.M., Hongyan, L. & Qureshi, R. (2017). Plant responses to hyperarid desert environments. (1st). Springer Publisher.
  2. Afshari-Jouybari, H. & Farahnaky, A. (2012). Evaluation of photoshop software potential for food colourimetry. Journal of Food Engineering, 106, 170-175.
  3. Ai, N. & Polenske, K.R. (2008). Socioeconomic impact analysis of yellow duststorms: An approach and case study for Beijing. Economic Systems Research, 20(2),187-203.
  4. Akbari, M., Razavizadeh, R. & Mohebbi, G.H. (2012). Oil characteristics and fatty acid profile of seeds from three varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars in Bushehr-Iran. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(57), 12088-12093.
  5. Al-Alawi, R.A., Al-Mashiqri, J.H., Al-Nadabi, J.S.M., Al-Shihi, B.I. & Baqi, Y. (2017). Date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.): Natural products and therapeutic options. Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, Article number
  6. O.A.C. (1990). Official methods of analysis. (Ed. K. Herlich). 15th ed. Association of official analytical chemists, Incorporated. Virginia.
  7. Atghaei, M., Sefidkon, F., Darini, A., Sadeghzadeh Hemayati, S. & Abdossi, V. (2021). Investigation effect of growth region on essential oil content and quality of ‎inflorescence spathe of some date palm varieties ‎. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 52(1), 125-138. (In Farsi).
  8. Baloch, M., Saleem, S. A., Baloch, A. & Baloch, W. A. (2006). Impact of controlled atmosphere on the stability of Dhakki dates. Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology, 39(6), 671-676.
  9. Bat-Oyun, M., Shinoda, M. & Tsubo, M. (2012). Effect of cloud atmospheric water vapor, and dust on photosynthetically active radiation and total solar radiation in a Mongolian grassland. Journal of Arid Land, 4(4), 349-356.
  10. Douglas, A., Skoog, F., Holler, J.& Nieman, T.A. (1998). Principles of instrument analysis. 5th ed. Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Philadelphia.
  11. Eoin, L. N. (2016). Systematics: blind dating. Nature Plants, 2(5), Article number 16069.
  12. Faisal, G.H. (2010). Effect of dust deposits in physical and chemical characteristics of fruits and leaves of date palm phoenix dactylifera L. Basrah Journal for Date Palm Research, 9(1), 16-34.
  13. George, D.N. & Ilias, F.I. (2007). Effects of inert dust on olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf physiological parameters. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 14(3), 212-214.
  14. Gerivani, H., Lashkaripour, G.R., Ghafoori, M. & Jalali, N. (2011). The source of dust storm in Iran: A case study based on geological information and rainfall data. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 6(1), 297-308.
  15. Golshan Tafti, A., Damankeshan, B. & Shafiee, L. (2015). Botany and characteristics of Mazafati date fruit. Agricultural Engineering Research Institute of Iran-AERI. No, 562. p.8. (In Farsi).
  16. Golshan Tafti, A., Solaimani Dahdivan, N. & Yasini Ardakani, S.A. (2017). Physico-chemical properties and applications of date seed and its oil.International Food Research Journal, 24(4), 1399-1406.
  17. Golshan Tafti, A. & Panahi, B. (2019). Chemical composition of seed and seed oil from Iranian commercial date cultivars. Journal of Food and Bioprocess Engineering, 2(1), 1-6.
  18. Hamdamjo, M., Jafari, R. & Mehrabi, S.h. (2013). Dust crisis and its consequences. In: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Dust Haze, Management of Factors and Consequences, 14 May, Lorestan University, Iran. (In Farsi).
  19. Hassan, B. H., Al Hamdan, A.M. & Alansari, A.M. (2005). Stress relaxation of dates at Khalal and Rutab stages of maturity. Journal of Food Engineering, 66, 439-445.
  20. Hosseini, Z. (2007). The methods of food analysis (6th ed.). Shiraz University Publication. (In Farsi).
  21. Jahanbakhsh, S., Zinale, B. & Asghare, S. (2014). Analysis and clustering of dust stormfrequency in Iran by fuzzy clustering (FCM). Biannual Journal of Urban Ecology Researches, 5(10), 85-98.
  22. Karami, Y. (2020). Effect of depth and method of irrigation on quantitative and qualitative yield of ‎Halili date palm in Minab ‎. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51(2), 427-440. (In Farsi).
  23. Karimi, H., Zaidali, A. & Omidipour, R. (2018). Evaluation of yield of rained and irrigatedwheat under dust stress in Ilam province. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Dust, 25th April, Ilam University, Iran. (In Farsi).
  24. Keramat, J. & Khorvash, M. (2001). Composition of dominant varieties of Iranian dates. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology and Natural Resources, 6(1), 189-197. (In Farsi).
  25. Lyapustin, A., Wang, Y., Korkin, S. & Huang, D. (2018). MODIS collection 6 MAIAC algorithm. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 11, 5741–5765.
  26. Moosavi, A. & Hojjati, M. (2011). Investigation on the quality characteristics, energy content and mineral elements of four commercial date varieties of Khuzestan province. Journal of Food Science and Technology.8 (28), 31-37. (In Farsi).
  27. Naderizadeh, Z., Khademi, H. & Ayoubi, Sh. (2014). Use of palm leaves as a biological sampler of dust in Bushehr, Assaluyeh. In: Proceedings of 3rd Conference on Wind Erosion and Dust Storm, 15th January, Yazd University, Iran. (In Farsi).
  28. Prospero, J.M. & Lamb, P.J. (2003). African droughtsand dust transport to the Caribbean: climatechange implications. Science, 302(5647), 1024-1027.
  29. Rashki, A., Kaskaoutis, D.G., Eriksson, P.G., Rautenbach, C.J.D.E.W., Flamant, C. & Abdi Vishkaee, F. (2014). Spatial-temporal variability of dust aerosols over the Sistan region in Iran based on satellite Observations. Natural Hazards, 71, 563–585.
  30. Rasoli, A.A., Sari Saraf, B. & Mohammadi, GH.H. (2011). Analysis of dust climatic phenomenon in the West of the country in the past 55 years using non-parametric statistical methods. Quarterly Journal of Natural Geography, 4(11), 1-16. (In Farsi).
  31. Rezaee Banafshe, M., Zareii, Y. & Zangane, S. (2014). The effects of duststorms on human life and the environment. In: Proceedings of International conference on Geography, Urban Planning and Sustainable Development, 27 Feb., Universiy of Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi).
  32. Rygg, G.L. (1975). Date development handling and packing in the United States. Chapter. 16 (pp. 111-116). Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.
  33. Salehi, F., Abbasi, N. & Darabi, F. (2018). An investigation of the effects of haze on thephysiology of plants. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Dust, 25th April, Ilam University, Iran. (In Farsi).
  34. Siddiq, M., Aleid, S. M. & Kader, A.A. (2013). Dates postharvest science, processing technology and health benefits (1st ed.). New Delhi: Wiley- Blackwell.
  35. Soheili, F. & Naji, H.R. (2017). Slow death of oak trees in Zagros: reasons, damage,and solutions. Forest Strategical Approachment Journal, 2(5), 35-49. (In Farsi).
  36. Thompson, J.R., Mueller, P.W., Flückiger, W. & Rutter, A.J. (1984). The effect of dust onphotosynthesis and its significance for roadside plants. Environmental Pollution Series A, Ecological and Biological, 34(2), 171-190.
  37. Torahi, A. & Arzani, K. (2015). Study the dust subsidence on date palm flowers and its effects on fruitset. In: Proceedings of 9th Congress of Iranian Horticultural Science, 27th, Shahid Chamran University, Iran. (In Farsi)
  38. Torahi, A. & Arzani, K. (2017). Study on the effects of dust on date palm (Phoenix dactylifera ) pollination and fruit set. Journal of Plant Production. 40(2), 63-74. (In Farsi).
  39. Yamaguchi, M. & Izuta, T. (2017). Air pollution impacts on plants in east Asia. (pp. 283-293.) Springer.
  40. Yousfi, Y., Moradi, H.R., Asadi, A.R. & Ebadi, M. (2018). Check the amount of resilienceof trees in front of the dust. In: Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Dust, 25th April, Ilam University, Iran. (In Farsi).
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 371-379

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 مهر 1400

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار