نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 دانشیار، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
4 استادیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
تغذیۀ مؤثر درختان میوه با کم‌ترین نهاده می‌تواند کمک قابل‌توجهی در مصرف بهینۀ کودهای شیمیایی و کاهش هزینه‌ها داشته باشد. از طرف دیگر، نوع مدیریت خاک نیز نقش غیرقابل انکاری در قابلیت دسترسی ریشه‌های گیاهان به مواد مغذی ایفا می‌کند. بنابراین، یک پژوهش سه ساله (1396، 1397 و 1398) برای ارزیابی اثر نوع مدیریت خاک (خاکورزی مرسوم و بدونخاکورزی) و نوع کوددهی (شاهد، هیدروژل، کود کامل، کود کامل + هیدروژل و اسید هیومیک) بر شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی و عناصر غذایی برگ در سیب رقم دلبار استیوال پیوند شده روی پایۀ مالینگ مرتون 106 واقع در کمال‌شهر شهرستان کرج انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد بیش‌ترین درصد نیتروژن برگ (74/2%) در تیمار بدونخاکورزی × هیدروژل و کم‌ترین درصد نیتروژن برگ (14/2%) نیز در تیمار خاکورزی متداول × هیدروژل مشاهده شد. بیش‌ترین درصد فسفر برگ (22/0%) متعلق به تیمار خاکورزی مرسوم در سال 1398 بود، در حالی‌که کم‌ترین درصد فسفر برگ (18/0%) متعلق به تیمار بدونخاکورزی در سال 1398 بود. بیش‌ترین مقدار مس برگ (4/40 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم وزن خشک) متعلق به تیمار ترکیبی هیدروژل× بدونخاکورزی در سال 1398 بود. همچنین، کم‌ترین مقدار مس برگ (9/9 میلی‌گرم/کیلوگرم وزن خشک) متعلق به اثر متقابل سه‌گانه اسید هیومیک × خاکورزی مرسوم در سال 1397 بود. در کل، به نظر می‌رسد که در کوتاه مدت اثرات مثبت بدونخاکورزی در باغ قابل‌دستیابی نبوده و مرحلۀ گذار از خاکورزی متداول به بدونخاکورزی باید سپری شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of nutrient concentrations and photosynthetic indices of apple leaves under different soil management and fertilization
نویسندگان [English]
- Ruhollah Ali 1
- Siamak Kalantari 2
- Seyyed Mahmood Samar 3
- Hossein Saffari 4
1 Ph. D. Candidate, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Soil & Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Soil & Water Research Institute (SWRI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Effective nutrition of fruit trees with the least input can significantly help in the optimal use of chemical fertilizers and reduce costs. On the other hand, the type of soil management also plays an undeniable role in the ability of plant roots to access nutrients. Therefore, three-year study (2017, 2018 and 2019) was carried out to evaluate the effect of soil management type (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and fertilizer type (control, hydrogel, complete fertilizer, complete fertilizer + hydrogel and humic acid) on photosynthetic indices and leaf nutrients in apple Delbar Estivale grafted on the base of MM106 located in Kamalshahr, Karaj county. The results showed that the highest percentage of leaf nitrogen (2.74%) was observed in conventional tillage ×hydrogel treatment and the lowest percentage of leaf nitrogen (2.14%) was observed in conventional tillage ×hydrogel treatment. The highest percentage of leaf phosphorus (0.22%) belonged to conventional till treatment in 1398, while the lowest percentage of leaf phosphorus (0.18%) belonged to conventional tillage treatment in 2019. The highest leaf copper (40.4 mg.kg-1 dry) belonged to the triple interaction of hydrogel and no- tillage in 2019. Also, the lowest leaf copper (9.9 mg.kg-1 dry) belonged to the triple interaction of humic acid and conventional till in 2018. In general, it seems that the positive effects of no-tillage in orchard are not achievable in the short term and the transition stage from conventional tillage to no-tillage must be completed.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Fruit trees
- plant nutrition
- tillage system
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