اثر شدت هرس تعادلی و هرس سبز بر برخی صفات فیزیولوژیکی، کیفی و عملکرد انگور یاقوتی (‏Vitis ‎vinifera L.‎‏) در منطقه سیستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، زابل، ایران

چکیده

به منظور افزایش میزان عملکرد کمی و کیفی انگور یاقوتی و انتقال دانش فنی هرس به بهره برداران، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک‌‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. چهار سطح شدت هرس تعادلی شامل شاهد یا عرف محلی، هرس 10+60، 10+40 و 10 +20 جوانه به عنوان فاکتور اول و چهار سطح شدت هرس تابستانه شامل شاهد یا بدون هرس سبز (G1)، هرس شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G2)، هرس شاخه‌های نرک + شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G3)، هرس شاخه‌های سبز بدون محصول از ته + شاخه‌های نرک + شاخه‌های سبز از بالای هشت برگ روی آخرین خوشه (G4) به عنوان فاکتور دوم درنظر گرفته شدند. هرس تعادلی 10 +20 باعث افزایش صفات محتوای نسبی آب برگ، ضریب باردهی و مواد جامد محلول به‌ترتیب به میزان 8/9، 6/44 و 13 درصد نسبت به شاهد و کاهش صفات سطح برگ، اسیدیته آب میوه و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی به‌ترتیب به میزان 6/13، 8/12 و 3/17 درصد نسبت به شاهد گردید. همچنین هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش صفات محتوای نسبی آب برگ و مواد جامد محلول به‌ترتیب به میزان 2/11 و 12 درصد نسبت به شاهد و کاهش سطح برگ، اسیدیته آب میوه و تعداد روز تا رسیدگی به‌ترتیب به میزان 7/19، 3/5 و 2/19 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. برهمکنش هرس تعادلی 10 +20 و هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش صفات درصد جوانه‌های سبز، رنگ‌گیری خوشه و عملکرد به‌ترتیب به میزان 33، 6/38 و 2/14 درصد نسبت به شاهد شد. بطور کلی نتایج نشان داد که هرس تعادلی 10+20 همراه با هرس سبز G4 باعث افزایش عملکرد به میزان 4/47 درصد نسبت به هرس تعادلی 10+20 در شرایط بدون هرس سبز شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of severity of balance pruning and green pruning on some physiological, ‎qualitative and yield traits of table grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Yaghouti) in the Sistan ‎region

نویسنده [English]

  • Mansour Fazeli Rostampour
Assistant Professor, Horticultural Crops Research Department, Sistan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education ‎Center, AREEO, Zabol, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to increase the quantitative and qualitative yield of Yaghooti grapes and transfer the technical knowledge of pruning to farmers the experiment was conducted in the Sistan region.  This research was conducted as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Four levels of balance pruning intensity including; control or local custom, 60+10, 40+10, and 20+10 considered as the first factor, and four levels of green pruning intensity including; control or local custom (G1), pruning of green branches from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G2), pruning of unproductive branches + green branches from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G3) and pruning of branches without fruit from the bottom + unproductive branches + green branches from above eight leaves on the last cluster (G4) considered as the second factor. The balance pruning 20+10 increased the relative water content (RWC), bearing coefficient and soluble solids (SS) by 9.8, 44.6 and 13% compared to the control, respectively; while the traits of leaf area, fruit juice acidity (FJA) and the number of days to maturity (NDM) decreased by 13.6, 12.8 and 17.3% compared to the control, respectively. In addition, pruning of G4 increased the RWC and SS by 11.2 and 12% compared to the control, respectively; but decreased the traits of leaf area, FJA and the NDM by 19.7, 5.3 and 19.2% compared to the control, respectively. Interaction of balance pruning 20+10 and G4 led to increase the bud break, cluster coloring and yield by 33, 38.6 and 14.2% compared to the control, respectively. In general, the results showed that balance pruning 20+10 along with pruning of G4 increased yield by 47.4% compared to the control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bearing coefficient
  • cluster coloring
  • leaf area
  • relative water content‎

مراجع

  1. Abou-Rawash, M. (2010). Effect of defoliation and fruit thinning on fruit quality of ‘Crimson Seedless’ grape. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 6(3), 289-295.
  2. Almanza-Merchan, P. J., Fischer, G. & Cely, G. E. R. (2014). The importance of pruning to the quality of wine grape fruits (Vitis vinifera) cultivated under high-altitude tropical conditions. Agronomia Colombiana, 32(3), 341-348.
  3. Arji, I. & Mahnam, S. (2018). Effect of bud number on some quantitative and quality related traits of Yaghooti grapevine cultivar in Sarpol-e-Zehab region. Journal of Scientific-Extension Research Findings in Crops and Horticultural Plants, 7(1), 49-62. (In Farsi).
  4. Arji, I., Fayz, R. & Gerdakaneh, M. (2019). The effect of number of buds per vine and cane on yield and productivity coefficient of perlette grape cultivar. Plant Productions (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 42(3), 321-332. (In Farsi).
  5. Ashori, M., Ghasemnezhad, M. & Biglouei, M. H. (2021). Effect of post-veraison deficit irrigation on berries yield, quality and water use efficiency of grape cvs. Keshmeshi and Sahebi. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 52(2), 305-315. (In Farsi).
  6. Bennett, J., Jarvis, P., Creasy, G. L. & Trought, M. C. T. (2005). Influence of defoliation on overwintering carbohydrate reserves, return bloom and yield of mature Chardonnay grapevines. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 56(4), 386-393.
  7. Bowed, P. A. & Kliewer, W. M. (1990). Influence of clonal variation, pruning severity, and cane structure on yield component development in ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ grapevines. Journal American Society Horticulture Science, 115(4), 530-534.
  8. Brandon O’Daniel, S., Douglas, D. A. & Kaan Kurtural, S. (2012). Effects of balanced pruning severity on traminette (Vitis) in a warm climate. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 63(2), 284-290.
  9. Danesh Shahraki, M., Shahriari, A., Gangali, M. & Bameri, A. (2017). Seasonal and spatial variability of airborne dust loading rate over the Sistan plain cities and its relationship with some climatic parameters. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 23(6), 199-215.
  10. Doulati Baneh, H., Ahmadali, J. & Rasouli, M. (2019). Effects of drought stress on some morphophysiological traits of some Iranian and foreign commercial grape varieties. Pomology research, 4(2), 127-142. (In Farsi).
  11. Dolati Baneh, H., Nejatian, M. A., Kavousi, B., Mahmoudzadeh, H., Dadar, A. & Ahmadi, J. (2020). Technical instructions for top working in grape. Horticultural Sciences Research Institute. Temperate Fruit Research Center, 214. (In Farsi).
  12. Esna-ashari, M., Gholami, M. & Almasi, P. (2007). Biology of Vine. Bu-Ali-Sina University, 246 p. (In Farsi).
  13. Fazeli Rostampour, M. (2020). The effect of irrigation regime and green pruning on some qualitative, physiological traits and yield of Yaghooti grape. Journal of Horticultural Science, 34(1), 185-196. (In Farsi).
  14. Fazeli Rostampour, M. (2022). The effect of chemical and physical thinning on some characteristics of Yaghooti grape cluster. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 53(2), 509-520. (In Farsi).
  15. Fazeli Rostampour, M. & Nejatian, M. A. (2021). The Effect of defoliation, cluster thining and gibberellic acid on the cluster compactness of table grape (Vitis vinifera cv. Yaghooti). Horticultural Science and Technology, 22(2), 203-212. (In Farsi).
  16. Hiroyuki, F., Tadushi, F., Masashi, M. & Inadomi, K. (2004). Effect of summer pruning on the growth and the tree vigor of “Kyoho” grape in early heating greenhouse. Bulletin of the Saga Prefectural Fruit Tree Experiment Station, 15, 15-21.
  17. Karami, M. J. (2011). Effect of pruning severity and cane length on yield and quality of grape cv. Siah-e-Samarghandi. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 26-2(4), 445-456. (In Farsi).
  18. Karimi, M., Yazdani, M. H. & Naderi, A. (2013). The effect of 120-day winds on the safety of Sistan region. Geography and Environmental Planning Journal, 50(2), 111-128. (In Farsi).
  19. Kavoosi, B., Eshghi, S. & Tafazoli, A. (2009). Effects of cluster thinning and cane topping on balanced yield and fruit quality of table grape (Vitis vinifera) cv. Askari. Journal of Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Isfahan, 13(48), 15-27. (In Farsi).
  20. Kavoosi, B. & Mahmoudi, R. (2021). Visiting the vineyards of Sistan region in order to teach the principles of pruning and graft grape with the aim of transferring and improving technical knowledge experts and farmers. Horticultural Sciences Research Institute. Temperate Fruit Research Center, 16. (In Farsi).
  21. Kliewer, W. & Dokoozlian, N. (2005). Leaf area/crop weight ratios of grapevines: Influence on fruit composition and wine quality. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 56, 170-181.
  22. Mahmoudzadeh, H. (2020). Technical principles of dry and green pruning. Publication of agricultural education, 32. (In Farsi).
  23. Mahmoudzadeh, H. & Fanaei, H. R. (2019). Promoting the best clones of Yaghoti grape for the construction of new orchards and top working method in Zabol region. Grape Extension Magazine, 1, 48-44. (In Farsi).
  24. Mahmoudzadeh, H., Rasouli, V. & Ghorbaniyan, D. (2007). Effect of some training systems on vegetative growth, fruit yield and fruit quality of Vitis vinifera Sefid Bidaneh in Takestan region. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 25-2(4), 373-387. (In Farsi).
  25. Mirsoleimani, A., Amin, H. & Jafari, R. (2015). Effect of pruning severity on the yield and quality of “Yaghoti” grape. 1st National Symposium on Small Fruits, pp: 153-157. Hamedan, Iran. (In Farsi).
  26. Nejatian, M. A. (2003a). Effect of bud number and can length on bud fertility and some characteristics of Grapevine cv Bidaneh Sefid. Seed and Plant Journal, 19(4), 457-467. (In Farsi).
  27. Nejatian, M. A. (2003b). Pruning of green grapes. Agricultural Education Publication, 1-18. (In Farsi).
  28. Nejatian, M. A., Moradi, M. & Moghadam, E. G. (2015). Estimation on the best severity of balance pruning in Peykani grape from Kashmar. 1st National Symposium on Small Fruits, pp: 245-251. Hamedan, Iran. (In Farsi).
  29. Palma, L. D., Novello, V. & Tarricone, L. (2000). Blind buds, fruitfulness and balance between vegetative and reproductive growth of grape cv. Victoria as related to bud load and pruning system during vine canopy establishment. Rivista di Frutticoltura e di Ortofloricoltura, 62(3), 69-74.
  30. Rahemi, M., Pendashteh-khademi, A. & Eshghi, S. (2015). Effect of bud number in cane on yield and quality of grape (Vitis vinifera L. Yaghouti ). 9th Congress on Horticultural Sciences, pp: 1-4. Ahvaz, Iran. (In Farsi).
  31. Sadeghian, F., Seifi, E., Dadar, A., Alizadeh, M. & Sharifani, M. (2015). Effect of green pruning on fruit yield and quality in cultivated grape boots of cultivar raisin in climatic conditions of Shirvan. Journal of Horticultural Science, 29(2), 232-239. (In Farsi).
  32. Shahrokhnya, M. A. & Karami, M. J. (2016). Investigation of the effect of different amounts of irrigation water on the yield of Yaghouti grape. Journal of Irrigation and Water Engineering, 28(7), 122-108. (In Farsi).
  33. Schlemmer, M. R., Francis, D. D., Shanahan, J. F. & Schepers, J. S. (2005). Remotely measuring chlorophyll content in corn leaves with differing nitrogen levels and relative water content. Agronomy Journal, 97, 106-112.
  34. Tafazoli, A., Hekmati, J. & Firouzeh, P. (1990). Scientific and practical horticulture of grape. Iranian Agricultural Science Publications, 280. (In Farsi).
  35. Terence, B. (2008). Pruning level affects growth and yield of New York Concord on two training systems. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 59(3), 276-286.
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 1021-1031

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 06 دی 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 18 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 تیر 1401

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار