اثر رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری و کوددهی بر عملکرد و ترکیبات اسانس نعناع فلفلی (‏Mentha piperita ‎L.‎‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار بخش کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

4 استادیار، گروه کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات تنش کم‌آبی و انواع کودهای نیتروژن بر عملکرد ماده خشک و اسانس و ترکیبات آن در گیاه نعناع فلفلی، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال 1397 اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل سه رژیم آبیاری (آبیاری در حد ظرفیت مزرعه و به‌ترتیب بعد از تخلیه 25، 40 و 55 درصد آب قابل‌ استفاده در منطقه‌ ریشه) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و شش تیمار کودی بر اساس نیتروژن موردنیاز گیاه به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد بالاترین عملکرد ماده خشک و اسانس (74 و 33/3158 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در شرایط آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 25 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک و با کود اوره حاصل گردید و تنش کم‌آبی شدید سبب کاهش 44 درصدی عملکرد ماده خشک و اسانس گردید. در این تحقیق 36 ترکیب در اسانس شناسایی گردید که بیشترین درصد مربوط به ترکیبات منتول، منتون، منتوفوران، پیپریتون و منتول استات بود. تنش کم‌آبی (آبیاری بعد از تخلیه 40 و 55 درصد رطوبت قابل استفاده خاک)، سبب افزایش کیفیت اسانس (افزایش منتول و منتون و کاهش منتوفوران و پولگون) گردید. همچنین کاربرد همه انواع کود نیتروژن، علاوه بر افزایش کیفیت اسانس سبب افزایش عملکرد اسانس نیز گردید. در مجموع می‌توان نتیجه گرفت تنش آبی متوسط همراه با کاربرد کود نیتروژن (خصوصا اوره به‌تنهایی و یا به‌صورت تلفیقی با ورمی‌کمپوست)، سبب افزایش کیفیت اسانس نعناع فلفلی گردیده است. افزایش کیفیت اسانس در اثر تنش کم‌آبی، باعث کاهش عملکرد اسانس گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilization on essential oil yield and ‎composition of peppermint essential oil (Mentha piperita L.)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein Ebrahimi- Sborezi 1
  • Seyed Ali Mohammad Modarres-Sanavy 2
  • Abolfazl Baghbani- Arani 3
  • Rezvan Karami Borz- Abad 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran‎
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran‎
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture Science, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effects of water deficit and nitrogen fertilizers on peppermint’s essential oil yield and its compounds, the current experiment was conducted in Research Field of Tarbiat Modares University in 2018, based on split with three replications. The experimental treatments consisted of three irrigation regimes (respectively after depleting 25, 40 and 55% of available water in root growth zone) as the main factor and six fertilizer treatments based on nitrogen requirement as sub-factors. The results showed that the highest essential oil yield was obtained under normal irrigation conditions with urea, while severe water deficit stress caused a reduction of 44% in dry matter and essential oil yield. In this study, 36 compounds were identified in essential oil. The most important components of essential oil were menthol, menthon, menthofuran, piperitone and menthol acetate. Water deficit increased the quality of essential oil (increased menthol and menthon and decreased menthofuran and polygon). In this regard, the use of nitrogen fertilizer increased both the quality and yield of essential oil. In general, it can be concluded that moderate water deficit accompanied with nitrogen fertilizer (urea alone or in combination with vermicompost) might increase the quality of peppermint’s essential oil. Increasing essential oil quality caused by water deficit, reduced quantitative essential oil yield.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Azocompost
  • drought stress
  • essential oil composition
  • urea
  • vermicompost‎

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 663-675

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 شهریور 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 دی 1399

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