بررسی اثر مکان رویش بر میزان و کیفیت اسانس اسپات گل‌آذین برخی رقم‌های نخل خرما

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان،‎ ‎سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏کرمان، ایران

4 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه بذر چغندرقند، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

5 استادیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

گل‌آذین خرما (Phoenix dactylifera L.) در پوششی بنام اسپات قرار دارد که حاوی اسانس است. در این مطالعه تأثیر منطقه رویش (بم و جیرفت) بر میزان و اجزای اسانس اسپات رقم‌های خرما (پیارم، زاهدی، مضافتی و هلیله‌ای) ارزیابی شد. استخراج اسانس به روش تقطیر با آب و آنالیز آن توسط دستگاه های GC و GC/MS انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد اثر رقم بر ویژگی‎های ریخت‎شناسی بیش از اثر مکان بود و رقم‌های مضافتی (06/55 سانتی‎‎متر) و هلیله‎ای (80/48 سانتی‎متر) بیشترین طول اسپات نشان دادند. بیشترین عرض اسپات در رقم‌های مضافتی (52/11 سانتی‎متر) و پیارم (83/10 سانتی‎متر) ثبت شد و رقم زاهدی بیشترین تعداد اسپات در نخل (83/14 عدد) را داشت. از طرف دیگر، وزن تر و خشک اسپات و عملکرد ماده خشک اسپات در بم (به‎ترتیب 30/235 و 66/67 گرم در اسپات و 906/747 گرم در نخل) به‎ترتیب معادل 38، 48 و 41 درصد بیش از جیرفت شد. میزان اسانس هر اصله نخل در منطقه بم (246/1 گرم) 26/2 برابر جیرفت (551/0 گرم) شد. رقم مضافتی بیشترین وزن تر، خشک و عملکرد ماده‎خشک اسپات را داشت. بیشترین درصد اسانس (168/0-148/0 درصد) نیز به دو رقم زاهدی و پیارم تعلق داشت. اسانس هر چهار رقم در هر دو مکان رویش حاوی 3و4 ـ دی متوکسی تولوئن (2/71-7/58 درصد)، پاراـ متیل انیسول (0/30-2/4 درصد)، 2و6 ـ دی متوکسی تولوئن (8/16-6/8 درصد)، ان ـ نونانال (1/4-6/0 درصد) و اورتوـ وانیلین (6/2-5/0 درصد) بودند. رقم‌های مورد مطالعه از لحاظ اثرپذیری از مکان رویش به دو دسته تقسیم شدند. رقم‌های هلیله‎ای و مضافتی از ثبات نسبی بیشتری برخوردار بودند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation effect of growth region on essential oil content and quality of ‎inflorescence spathe of some date palm varieties ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Masoomeh Soheila Atghaei 1
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 2
  • Ali Darini 3
  • Saeed Sadeghzadeh Hemayati 4
  • Vahid Abdossi 5
1 Ph. D. Candidate. Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, ‎Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Southern Agricultural and Natural Resources, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization ‎‎(AREEO), Kerman, Iran‎
4 Associate Professor, Sugar Beet Seed Institute (SBSI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), ‎Karaj, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, ‎Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Inflorescences of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) are encapsulated in a cover known as spathe, containing essential oil. In this study the impact of growth location (Bam and Jiroft) on the essential oil content and composition of date palm varieties (Piarom, Zahedi, Mozafati, and Hallilehie) was investigated. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. Results showed that effect of variety on morphological traits was more than growth location and Mozafati’ and ‘Hallilehie’ varieties showed the highest spathe length (55.06 and 48.80 cm). The highest spathe width was recorded for 'Mozafati’ and ‘Piarom’varieties (11.52 and 10.83 cm), and ‘Zahedi’ variety had the highest spathe number per palm tree (14.83). On the other hand, spathe fresh and dry weight and spathe dry matter yield in Bam (235.30 and 67.66 g/spathe, and 747.906 g/palm tree) were 38%, 48%, and 41% greater than those in Jiroft, respectively. The essential oil per palm tree in Bam (1.246 g) was 2.26 times greater than that in Jiroft (0.551 g). The ‘Mozafati’ variety had the highest spathe fresh weight, dry weight, and dry matter yield. The highest essential oil percentage (0.148-0.168%) belonged to ‘Zahedi’ and ‘Piarom’ varieties. The essential oils of all four varieties in both growth location contained five chemical compounds of 3,4-dimethoxytoluene (58.7-71.2 %), p-methylanisole (4.2-30.0 %), 2,6-dimethoxytoluene (8.6-16.8 %), n-nonanol (0.6-4.1%), and o-vanillin (0.5-2.6%). The studied varieties were divided into two groups in terms of their effectiveness from the growth location. The Hallilehie and Mozafati varieties showed higher relative stability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil
  • inflorescence
  • 3
  • 4-dimethoxytoluene

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 1
خرداد 1400
صفحه 125-138

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 تیر 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 مرداد 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 شهریور 1398

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