تأثیر سولفات آمونیوم بر شاخص‌های رشد، عملکرد و خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی مرزه تابستانه رقم ساترن (‏Satureja ‎hortensis L. cv. Saturn‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم ‏

3 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، بخش منابع طبیعی

5 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

جهت ارزیابی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم بر شاخص­های رشد و فیتوشیمیایی گیاه مرزه تابستانه رقم ساترن (Satureja hortensis L. cv. Saturn)، آزمایشی بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 5 تیمار و 3 تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل پنج سطح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم (شاهد (عدم مصرف)، 40، 60، 80 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار) بود که به‌صورت سرک در مرحله گلدهی کامل اعمال گردید. بوته‌های مربوط به هر تیمار برداشت شدند و صفات مورد بررسی شامل صفات مورفولوژیک (ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه­های جانبی، عرض بوته، قطر ساقه، طول میانگره­ها)، عملکرد ماده خشک، فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی، میزان ترکیبات فنلی، میزان رزمارینیک اسید و کارواکرول اندازه‌گیری شد. با افزایش سطوح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم، ارتفاع گیاه، تعداد شاخه جانبی، عرض بوته، قطر ساقه، طول میانگره و عملکرد ماده خشک و میزان ترکیبات فنلی افزایش معنی‌داری پیدا کرد. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در تیمار 40 کیلوگرم مشاهده شد و با افزایش کاربرد سولفات آمونیوم کاهش یافت. بیشترین میزان رزمارینیک اسید (93/10 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار 80 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم بود و کمترین میزان (85/6 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار شاهد اندازه­گیری شد. بالاترین میزان کارواکرول (92/6 میلی­گرم در گرم وزن خشک) در تیمار 80 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم به‌دست آمد و بعد از آن تیمارهای 40، 60 و 100 کیلوگرم در یک سطح قرار داشتند و کمترین میزان (5/5 میلی­گرم) مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست آمده، تیمار 80 کیلوگرم در هکتار سولفات آمونیوم علاوه بر افزایش شاخص­های رشد و عملکرد، موجب افزایش میزان کارواکرول و رزمارینیک اسید گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of ammonium sulfate on growth indices, morphological and phytochemical ‎characteristics of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L. cv. Saturn)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mesbah Babalar 1
  • Saeideh Mohtashami 2
  • Leila Tabrizi 3
  • Vahid Rowshan 4
  • Hosien Mohammadi 5
1 Professor, Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, ‎Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Natural Resources, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, ‎Iran
5 Former M. Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate, the effect of different levels of ammonium sulfate on morphological and phytochemical characteristics of summer savory, an experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications on Karaj climate conditions was conducted. The treatment including five levels of ammonium sulfate consist of: control (without fertilizer), 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg/ha of ammonium sulfate that as split application was applied. At full flowering stage, the plant samples of all treatments were harvested and desired factors such as morphological characteristics (plant height, lateral shoot number, plant diameter and stem diameter), biomass, Antioxidant activity, polyphenolic compounds, rosmarinic acid and carvacrol contents were measured. With increasing levels of ammonium sulfate, plant height, number of lateral shoots, plant diameter, stem diameter, internode length and dry matter yield were significantly increased. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in 40 kg ammonium sulfate treatment and increasing in ammonium sulphate concentration was decreased antioxidant activity. The maximum content of rosmarinic acid (10.93 mg per g dry weight) related to 80 kg ammonium sulfate treatment and the lowest content (6.85 mg per g dry weight) was measured in control. The highest amount of carvacrol (6.92 mg per g dry weight) was obtained in 80 kg of ammonium sulfate treatment, followed by 40, 60 and 100 kg treatments on the same level and the minimum content (5.05 mg) in control were detected. According to the results, the treatment of 80 kg/ha of ammonium sulfate, in addition to increasing growth and yield factors, inhansed the amount of carvacrol and rosmarinic acid.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant
  • fertility
  • flavonoid
  • phenol
  • Satureja hortensis
  • yield‎

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 273-286

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 آذر 1397

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