برآورد ترکیب‌پذیری و هتروزیس در برخی از لاین‌های کاهوی ایرانی از طریق تلاقی دای‌آلل

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی فیزیولوژی و اصلاح سبزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

به­منظور برآورد وراثت‌پذیری، هتروزیس، ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی و خصوصی در صفات تعداد برگ، میانگین تعداد روز تا نخستین گلدهی، میانگین وزن تر بوته، میانگین وزن تر ساقه و طول ساقه گل‌دهنده، هفت لاین کاهوی ایرانی (سیاه دزفول، گرگان، ورامین، جهرم، لاین­های شماره  18 ، 21 و 27 مازندران) در یک طرح دای‌آلل کامل تلاقی داده‌ شدند. در مجموع 49 ژنوتیپ شامل والدین و نتاج آنها برای ارزیابی صفات مورد نظر، در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار کشت شدند. نتایج تجزیه واریانس صفات نشان‌دهنده تفاوت معنی‌دار در میان ژنوتیپ­ها بود. برای برآورد ترکیب‌پذیری، از روش نخست گریفینگ مدل (1) استفاده‌ شد. میزان ترکیب‌پذیری عمومی در همه صفات، از ترکیب‌پذیری خصوصی آنها بیشتر بود که نشان‌دهنده نقش بیشتر اثر افزایشی نسبت به اثر غالبیت در کنترل ژنتیکی این صفات بود. وراثت‌پذیری خصوصی برای صفات طول ساقه گل‌دهنده و وزن تر بوته به­ترتیب 89/0و 74/0 بود. هتروزیس مطلوبی بر اساس میانگین والدین برای وزن تر بوته (9/11 درصد) و تعداد برگ در بوته (42/12 درصد) مشاهده شد. نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق می­تواند به اجرای فعالیت­های به­نژادی مدون و کاراتر در کاهو کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of combining ability and heterosis in some Iranian lettuce lines using diallel crosses analysis

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Tabasi 1
  • Mohammadreza Hassandokht 2
  • Mohammadreza Fattahimoghaddam 2
1 Ph. D. Candidate, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to estimate heritability, heterosis, general and specific combinability for traits of leaves number per plant, number of days to first flowering, plant fresh weight, stem fresh weight and the length of the flowering stalk, seven local populations of Iranian lettuce (‘Siahe Dezful’, ‘Gorgan’, ‘Varamin’, Jahrom and ‘18’, ‘21’, ‘27 Mazandaran’) were crossed using a complete diallel crosses design. (These lines were obtained during several generations of selfing in their province). Overall, 49 genotypes including Parents and all possible hybrids were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first method of Griffing’s, Model I was used to estimate the combinability. Analysis of variance revealed high significant differences among F1 hybrids and their parentes for all the studied traits. Therefore analysis of combinabilities showed that general combining ability (GCA) in all the studied traits were greater than specific combining ability (SCA), indicating the importance of additive genes action in controlling these characters than non- additive effects.  High narrow sense heritability (h2ns) for the traits including the length of the flowering stalk and plant fresh weight (0.89 and 0.74, respectively) indicated low effects of environment on the expression of those traits and increased role of additive gene effects. High heterosis effect over the better parent was found for plant fresh weight (11.9 percent) and leaves number per plant (12.42). Results of this research can help to implement more effective and efficient activities in lettuce.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additive gene action
  • general and specific combining ability
  • griffing
  • heritability
  • heterosis
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