بررسی‎ تأثیر بسترهای کاشت با حجم هوای متفاوت بر رشد نشای گوجه‌فرنگی گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

بسترهای کشت بدون خاک حجم هوای متفاوتی دارند. تفاوت در حجم هوای بسترهای ترکیبی، سبب تغییر در مدیریت محلول‌رسانی و در نتیجه رشد و عملکرد می‎شود. به‌منظور بررسی‎ تأثیر حجم هوای مؤثر بر رشد نشای گوجه‌فرنگی گلخانه‎ای و کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری، ویژگی‎های فیزیکی (ظرفیت نگهداری آب، حجم هوای مؤثر و خلل و فرج مؤثر) پنجاه بستر ترکیبی اندازه‎گیری شد. بسترهای با حجم هوای مؤثر متفاوت، اما تخلخل مؤثر و ظرفیت نگهداری آب یکسان به‌عنوان تیمارهای آزمایش انتخاب شدند. آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی با سه تیمار (پرلیت-کوکوپیت20:80، ماسه- کوکوپیت 50-50 و پرلیت-ورمیکولیت 40:60)، سه تکرار و دوازده مشاهده در هر واحد آزمایشی طراحی و اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد حجم هوای متفاوت در بسترهای کشت، هنگامی‌که دیگر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی یکسان باشد، تأثیر معنی‎داری بر رشد نشای گوجه‌فرنگی و همچنین کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری دارد. بیشترین وزن خشک اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه، سطح برگ و قطر در بستر ترکیبی ماسه-کوکوپیت با حجم هوای85/10 درصد و کمترین آن‌ها در بستر پرلیت-ورمیکولیت با حجم هوای17 درصد به دست آمد. بین بسترهای ماسه-کوکوپیت و پرلیت کوکوپیت (حجم هوای 3/21 درصد) در مراحل آغازین رشد در بسیاری از صفات تفاوتی دیده نشد. از لحاظ کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری، بستر ماسه-کوکوپیت برتری چشمگیری نسبت به دیگر تیمارها داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of the effect of substrates with different effective air-filled pore space on greenhouse tomato transplant growth

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mazari 1
  • Mojtaba Delshad 2
  • Abdolkarim Kashi 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soilless media have different physical properties. Change in air space of mix substrate can cause change in fertigation management and plant growth and yield. Physical properties (water holding capacity, effective air-filled pore space, effective pore space) of 50 mixed substrates were measured to evaluate the effect of air-filled pore space on growth of tomato transplant and it's water use efficiency. Media with different effective air-filled pore space and similar water- holding capacity and effective pore space selected as treatments. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 12 observations in each experimental unit was used. Results showed that air-filled pore space of a mixed medium can affect growth properties of tomato transplant and irrigation water use efficiency. Plants grown in sand-cocopeat media with effective air filled pore space of %10.85 had considerable superiority over those grown in substrates with effective air volumes of 21.3% and 17%. There were not significant differences during initial days and the differences became more significant while the plant grew up. There was an obvious differences amount irrigation water use efficiency of experimental plant grown in different media.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • effective pore space
  • Physical properties
  • water holding capacity

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 دی 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 16 خرداد 1394

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