بررسی تشکیل گل و میوه در چند رقم مرکبات در شرایط اقلیمی شرق مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد باغبانی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد کرج

چکیده

برای بررسی وضعیت گل‌دهی، تشکیل میوه‌چه و میوه در پرتقال تامسون ناول و نارنگی‌های انشوی سوجی‌یاما و میاگاوا در شرایط اقلیمی شرق مازندران، آزمایشی به‌صورت تجزیة مرکب در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه باغ با مدیریت مختلف و در سه سال متوالی با پنج تکرار به اجرا درآمد. شمار گل، میوه‌چه و میوه ثبت و درصد تشکیل باقی‌مانده تا برداشت میوه‌چه و میوه، نسبت به شمار گل محاسبه شد. در همة رقم‌ها، کمترین شمار گل، میوه‌چه و میوه و در مقابل، بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه‌چه و میوه، در سال سوم مشاهده شد. باغ 3 کمترین شمار گل، میوه‌چه و میوه و کمترین درصد تشکیل میوه‌چه و میوه را به خود اختصاص داد. به‌طور میانگین، رقم میاگاوا بیشترین شمار میوه‌چه و میوه را داشت. در مقابل، بیشترین درصد تشکیل میوه‌چه و میوه به رقم سوجی‌یاما تعلق داشت. پرتقال تامسون با اینکه از نظر تولید گل رتبة اول را داشت ولی شمار و نیز درصد تشکیل میوه‌چه و میوه در آن، کاهش زیادی نسبت به دو رقم دیگر نشان داد. باتوجه ‌به نتایج، تشکیل گل و میوه در رقم‌های مختلف نسبت به هم روند همسانی داشتند. همچنین عامل‌های محیطی و مدیریتی، تأثیر زیادی بر شمار گل، میوه‌چه و میوه و درصد تشکیل آن‌ها نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of flower and fruit set in some citrus varieties in east of Mazandaran climate

نویسندگان [English]

  • Negin Akhlaghi Amiri 1
  • Ali Asadi Kangarshahi 1
  • Jalal Mahdavi Reykandeh 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

To investigate flowering, fruitlet and fruit set in Thomson navel orange and Satsuma mandarin cv. Miyagawa and Sugiyama in climatic conditions of eastern Mazandaran, an experiment was performed by combined analysis in randomized complete block design in three different orchards and in three consecutive years with five replications. Number of flowers, fruitlets and fruits were recorded and later fruitlet and fruit set percent were calculated in comparison to flower number. The lowest flower, fruitlet and fruit number and the highest fruitlet and fruit set percent were obtained in the third year. In contrast, orchard 3, had the lowest flower, fruitlet and fruit number as well as fruitlet and fruit set percent. Miyagawa produced maximum fruitlet and fruit number but Sugiyama had the highest fruitlet and fruit set percent. Although, Thompson navel orange had the highest number of flower, but the number and the percentage of fruitlet and fruit set decreased dramatically compared to the two other varieties. In general, it could be concluded that flower and fruit set in different varieties had a similar trends and climatic conditions and management systems might have great effect on them.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Environmental condition
  • Management Factors
  • reproductive characters
  • Satsuma mandarin
  • Thomson navel orange

مراجع

  1. Agricultural Statistics, Ministry of Jehad-e-Agriculture. (2011). Department of Planning and Economic, Office of Statistics and Information Technology, Tehran, Iran.
  2. Akhlaghi Amiri, N., Arzani, K., Malakouti, M.J. & Barzegar, M. (2008). Investigation of pre harvest drop and its relation with auxin content in abscission zone of Italian orange fruit (Citrus sinensis cv. Italian). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 15 (5), 77-86. (in Farsi)
  3. Akhlaghi Amiri, N. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2009).Physiology of pre harvest drop in Thompson navel orange (Citrus sinensis). In: Proceeding of 6th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Rasht, Iran. (in Farsi)
  4. Akhlaghi Amiri, N. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2010). Evaluation of auxin, sucrose and nutrition effect on alternate bearing cycle in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan University, 17 (3), 39-52. (in Farsi)
  5. Akhlaghi Amiri, N. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2011a). Effect of different nutritional treatments on adjusting alternate bearing in Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu). Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 12(1), 53-64. (in Farsi)
  6. Akhlaghi Amiri, N. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2011b). The study of flowering, fruit-let and fruit set in Thompson navel orange in East of Mazandaran. In: Proceeding of 7th Congress of Iran Horticultural Science, Esfahan University. pp. 1746-1748. (in Farsi)
  7. Akhlaghi Amiri, N., Arzani, K. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2012). Reducing of June drop, a way to reduction Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu) losses. Acta Horticulturea 928, XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture (IHC2010): International Symposium on Citrus, Bananas and other Tropical Fruits under Subtropical Conditions, pp. 287-290
  8. Akhlaghi Amiri, N., Arzani, K., Barzegar, M. & Asadi Kangarshahi, A. (2011). Changes in auxin, poly-galactoronase and cellulase during June drop in Thomson navel orange (Citrus sinensis). In: Proceeding of 7th Iranian Horticultural Science Congress, Esfahan University, pp. 1739-1742. (in Farsi)
  9. Albrigo, L.G. (1997). Competition factors influencing fruit set of citrus. In: Citrus flowering & fruiting short course. Citrus Research & Education Center, University of Florida, pp. 73-74.
  10. Albrigo, L.G. (1999). Effects of foliar applications of urea or nutriphite on flowering and yields of Valencia orange trees. In: Proceeding of Florida State of Horticultural Society. 112, 1-4.
  11. Asadi Kangarshahi, A., Savaghebi, Gh.R. & Akhlaghi Amiri, N. (2011). Reducing of citrus alternate bearing by managing of nitrogen using and pruning in East of Mazandaran, Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 42(3), 217-225. (in Farsi)
  12. Chaudhary, M.I. (2006). Fruit crops. In: Bashir, E. and Bantel, R. (Ed.), Horticulture National Book Foundation, Islamabad. pp. 437-487.
  13. Davies, F. & Albrigo, G. (1994). Citrus, Chapter 3. CAB International, UK, 253 P.
  14. Erickson, L.C. & Brannaman, B.L. (1960). Abscission of reproductive structures and leaves of orange trees. In: Proceeding of American Society for Horticultural Science, 75, 222-229.
  15. Galvan, J.J.L., Valdez, L.A.A., Reyes, V.M.S. & Salazar, O.S. (2010). Fruit set in orange (Citrus sinensis) with phytohormones in Tamaulipas and Nuevo Leon Mexico. In: Proceeding of 28th International Horticultural Congress, Lisbon, p.139.
  16. Gilani, A.H., Yousaf, A., Tariq, M.A. & Muhammad, F. (1991). Studies on the effect of growth regulators and chemical fertilizers on growth and yield of Kinnow mandarin. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 5, 47-51.
  17. Guardiola, J.L. (1997a). Overview of flower bud induction, flowering and fruit set. 1997. In: Citrus flowering & fruiting short course. Citrus Research & Education Center, University of Florida, pp. 5-21.
  18. Guardiola, J.L. (1997b). Competition for carbohydrates and fruit set. 1997. In: Citrus flowering & fruiting short course. Citrus Research & Education Center, University of Florida, pp. 43-61.
  19. Ibrahim, M., Akhtar Abbasi, N., Rahman, H., Hussain, A. & Hafiz, A. (2011). Phenological behavior and effect of different chemicals on pre-harvest fruit drop of sweet orange cv. Salustiana. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(1), 453-457.
  20. Iglesias, D.J., Tadeo, F.R., Primo-Millo, E. & Talon, M. (2003). Fruit set dependence on carbohydrate availability in citrus trees. Tree Physiology, 23, 199-204.
  21. Krajewski, A.J.K. & Rabe, E. (1995). Citrus flowering: a critical evaluation. Journal of Horticultural Science, 70(3), 357-374.
  22. Mahdavi Reykande, J., Akhlaghi Amiri, N. & Shahabian, M. (2013). Analyzing phonological stages of three citrus varieties at foothills, plain and shoreline areas of Sari in North of Iran. International Journal of Agricultural and Crop Sciences, 6(8), 452-457.
  23. Racsko, J., Leite, G.B., Petri, J.L., Zhongfw S., Wang, Y., Szabo, Z., Soltesz, M. & Nyeki, J. (2007). Fruit drop: the role of inner agents and environmental factors in the drop of flowers and fruits. International Journal of Horticultural Sciences, 13(3), 13-23.
  24. Ribeiro, R.V., Rolim, G.S., Azevedo, F.A. & Machado, E.C. (2008). Valencia sweet orange trees flowering evaluation under field conditions. Scientific Agriculture, 65(4), 389-396.
  25. Ruiz, R. & Guardiola, J.L. (1994). Carbohydrate and mineral nutrition of orange fruitlets in relation to growth and abscission. Physiologia Plantarum, 90, 27-36.
  26. Saleem, B.A., Ziaf, K. & Ahmed, W. (2005). Fruit set and drop patterns as affected by type and dose of fertilizer application in mandarin cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology, 7(6), 962-965.

  27. Spiegel-Roy, P. & GoldSchmidt, E.E. (1996). Biology of citrus. Cambridge University Press, 230 P

 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 20 بهمن 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 09 شهریور 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 21 دی 1393

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار