بررسی اثر تیمار سرمایی بر رفع خفتگی و پیش‌رس کردن کلوس (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.) گیاه دارویی بومی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• فائزه مهدوی کیا ¹
• محمدتقی عبادی ¹
• عبدالعلی شجاعیان ¹
• مهدی عیاری ²
• محسن فلاحتی عنبران ³

¹ گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

² گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران ، ایران.

³ گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده زیست شناسی، پردیس علوم دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران

چکیده

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آلفا آمیلاز
• جیبرلیک اسید
• خفتگی فیزیولوژیک
• کربوهیدرات محلول
• نیاز سرمایی

موضوعات

• علوم گیاهان دارویی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Effect of Chilling Treatment on the Dormancy Breaking and Forcing of Klous (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.), an Endemic Medicinal Plant of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

• Faezeh Mahdavikia ¹
• Mohammad Taghi Ebadi ¹
• Abdolali Shojaeiyan ¹
• Mahdi Ayyari ²
• Mohsen Falahati-Anbaran ³

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• α-Amylase
• Chilling requirement
• Gibberellic acid
• Physiological dormancy
• Soluble carbohydrate

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Mountain celery (Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff.) previously described as "Amirkabiria odoratissima Mozaff., Apium graveolens L., and Opopanax sp.", is the sole species reported for Kelussia genus, the new genera recently introduced to Apiaceae family. The plant is a tall perennial herb that is predominately outcrossing and pollinated mainly by bees. It inhabits alpine regions (found in over 2,500 m. a.s.l.) of central Zagros mountains (Iran) and is distributed in a restricted geographic range, experiencing subfreezing temperature for several months and short growing season. K. odoratissima locally known as “Kelous”, is a medicinal wild plant with a pleasant taste and aroma containing valuable secondary metabolites including Z-Ligustilide and Z-Butylidene phthalide. In addition, it contains phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and flavonols, which are attributed to the cancer prevention and liver protection, as well as its antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. Other pharmacological properties of this plant include analgesic, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, fibrinolytic, acid and pepsin reducing, and memory enhancing effects. In traditional medicine, the plant is used to treat rheumatism, heart diseases, menstrual pain, hypertension, and high cholesterol. It has also sedative and antispasmodics properties. Recently, the conservation of indigenous and threatened species has attracted considerable attention globally. Long-term seed dormancy, slow growth rate, insufficient production in limited local habitats, and harvesting in the early stages of growth (buds) have endangered the survival of this plant. Consecutive harvesting of buds causes the permanent destruction of this plant. Therefore, the possibility of production in controlled environments and off-season can help to preserve it.

Materials and Methods

In order to carry out the research, tuberous roots of one-year-old plants, uniform and free from any diseases and pests, were obtained from Raisi nursery (located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province) and transferred to the Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. The experiment started in the middle of October 2018 and lasted until the end of March 2019. First, the tuberous roots were disinfected with captan fungicide at a concentration of 2 parts per thousand then grouped to 10 in fabric bags and were sprinkled with water to provide moisture. Roots were placed in a refrigerator at a temperature of 2-7^ᵒC. The samples were checked and moistened every three days. To investigate the effect of the number of chilling hours above zero (2-7^ᵒC) on the dormancy and growth of tuberous roots of K. odoratissima, five chilling durations (0, 700, 1400, 2100, and 2800 hours) was examined in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications. The measured   morphological and biochemical traits were germination parameters (percentage of germination, germination index, number of days until germination and seedling stem index) total carbohydrates, starch and total protein. Moreover, enzyme activities (α-amylase), β-amylase and protease) and some phyto-hormones (gibberellic acid and abscisic acid) were evaluated.

Results and Discussion

The highest percentage of germination (72%) was observed in the tuberous roots that were subjected to chilling treatment of 2800 h, whereas in chilling treatment of 1400 h 50% of the tuberous roots germinated. Chilling treatment led to an acceleration of sprouting and an increase in seedling vigor and length. The highest amount of soluble carbohydrates (76 mg/g fresh weight) was recorded in the cold treatment of 2800 h and the lowest (7 mg/g fresh weight) in the control treatment Chilling treatment also led to changes in the concentration of abscisic acid and gibberellic acid, so that the highest concentration of gibberellic acid and the lowest amount of abscisic acid (75.5 and 20.2 nanomol per gram of fresh weight, respectively) were belonged to 2800 h treatment. In addition, chilling treatment increased the activity of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and protease enzymes by 1.2, 0.63, and 0.35 mg/g fresh weight, respectively. These results indicated that the chilling requirement of the K. odoratissima is approximately 2100 to 2800 h and the forcing of K. odoratissima in a controlled environment has been successful.

Conclusion

To preserve, expand, and revive the habitats of this valuable and at risk of extinction medicinal plant, creating a basis for developing its cultivation and domestication using the forced cultivation technique is recommended as an alternative solution.