بررسی و مقایسه فیتوشیمیایی برخی جمعیت‌های شیرین‌بیان (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) بومی ایران در شرایط مرزعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

گروه کشاورزی، پژوهشکده گیاهان و مواد اولیه دارویی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شیرین‌بیان گیاهی است علفی و چند ساله  از تیره پروانه‌آساها که خواص دارویی متعددی از جمله  آنتی‌اکسیدانی، ضد میکروبی، ضد ویروس، ضد التهاب و ضد انعقاد دارد. شیرین بیان یکی از گیاهان مهم و استراتژیک در ایران است و ایران یکی از کشورهای عمده صادر کننده ریشه آن محسوب می شود. در این پژوهش، تنوع صفات فیتوشیمیایی ریزوم در برخی جمعیت‌های شیرین‌بیان بومی ایران در شرایط مزرعه بررسی شد. ریزوم جمعیت‌های مختلف در سال 1398 از مناطق مختلف ایران جمع‌آوری و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 5 تکرار در کلکسیون گیاهان دارویی دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران کشت گردید. صفات مورد بررسی شامل مقدار گلیسیریزیک‌اسید، گلابریدین، لیکوریتجنین، لیکوریتین، رزمارنیک ‌اسید، روتین، فنل کل، فلاونوئیدکل و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی در ریزوم گیاه بودند. بیشترین محتوای گلیسیریزک‌اسید (17/155 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) و گلابریدین (46/19 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) به‌ترتیب در جمعیت کازرون و ایلام مشاهده شد. جمعیت یاسوج دارای بیشترین لیکوریتین (32/5 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) و لیکوریتیجنین (16/12 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) بود. همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری بین گلابریدین و لیکوریتین در سطح پنج درصد مشاهده شد، ولی با IC50 دارای همبستگی منفی و معنی‌دار در سطح پنج درصد بود. براساس نتایج حاصل از تجزیه خوشه‌ای، 22 جمعیت شیرین‌بیان در پنج گروه اصلی قرار گرفتند. تجزیه به عامل‌ها نشان داد که چهار عامل اول توانستند 21/69 درصد از کل واریانس را توجیه نمایند. در مجموع، یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که جمعیت‌های مورد بررسی شیرین‌بیان دارای خصوصیات فیتوشیمیایی منحصر به‌فردی بودند که می‌توان از آن‌ها برای طراحی برنامه‌های اصلاحی و نیز صنایع داروسازی استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Phytochemical Assessment and Comparison of some Iranian Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) Populations in Field Conditions

نویسنده [English]

  • Ghasem اقلیما
Department of Agriculture, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Licorice is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family which possesses several medicinal properties, such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticoagulant properties. It is an invaluable and strategic plant in Iran, and Iran is one of the major exporters of licorice roots.
In this study, the diversity of phytochemical traits, among different Iranian licorice landraces cultivated in field conditions, was investigated. Rhizomes of different populations were collected from different regions of Iran in 2019 and were planted in a randomized complete block design with five replications in the medicinal plants collection of Shahid Beheshti University. The studied traits were glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, total phenol, total flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. The highest content of glycyrrhizic acid (155.17 mg/g dry weight) and glabridin (19.46 mg/g dry weight) were observed in Kazerun and Ilam population, respectively. The population of Yasuj had the highest amounts of liquiritin (5.32 mg/g dry weight) and liquiritigenin (12.16 mg/g dry weight). A positive and significant correlation was observed between glabridin and liquiritin content at 5% probability level, but it had a significant negative correlation with IC50 at 5% probability level. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 22 licorice populations divided into five main groups. Factor analysis showed that the first four factors explained 69.21% of the total variance. Overall, the findings of this study showed that the studied licorice populations had unique phytochemical properties that can be used in breeding programs, and also in the pharmaceutical industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cluster analysis
  • diversity
  • breeding
  • glycyrrhizic acid
  • glabridin

Extended Abstract

Introduction

Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.), as a strategic and very valuable plant in Iran, is overused and is endangered. Although the government has adopted strict regulations to prevent the extinction of licorice, the destruction of its habitat, due to improper and indiscriminate exploitation is still a serious threat. Since the propagation and reproduction of many endangered medicinal species is prolonged and the speed of their habitat renewal is lower than the speed of their exploitation from nature, the issue of their protection becomes more important. Licorice is a perennial herbaceous plant with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties Licorice is one of the most valuable economic plants in the world, which is widely used in cosmetics, tobacco, pharmaceutical and food industries, and Iran is one of the major exporters of licorice roots. Given the importance of licorice phytochemical compounds such as glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin, and liquiritin as well as the increasing demand for their utilization in industry, the present study aimed to introduce genotypes rich in phytochemical compounds from cultivated Iranian G. glabra populations. This study not only introduced superior genotypes in terms of phytochemicals, but also focused on comparing these medicinal compounds in cultivated populations. These introduced populations can be used in future breeding programs to release new bred licorice cultivars for commercial cultivation.

 

Matrial and methods

 In this study, the variation in phytochemical traits among different Iranian licorice landraces cultivated in field conditions, was investigated. Rhizomes of different populations were collected from different regions of Iran in 2019 and were planted in a randomized complete block design with 5 replications in the medicinal plants collection of Shahid Beheshti University. The rhizomes of plant samples were harvested at the end of the season (autumn) of the third year of cultivation. Then, after washing, the samples were transferred to the laboratory and dried at 25 °C. In order to extract the samples, they were powdered by an industrial mill. The studied traits were glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, total phenol, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity. Glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, rosmarinic acid and rutin content were measured by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The total phenol content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were measured by the folin–Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride and DPPH methods, respectively.

 

Results and Discussion

According to the results, the highest content of glycyrrhizic acid (155.17 mg.g-1 dry weight) and glabridin (19.46 mg.g-1 dry weight) were observed in Kazerun and Ilam populations, respectively. The population of Yasuj had the greatest amount of liquiritin (5.32 mg.g-1 dry weight) and liquiritigenin (12.16 mg.g-1 dry weight). The maximum content of total phenol (8.36 mgGAE.g-1 dry weight) and total flavonoid (27.28 mgQUE.g-1 dry weight) was observed in Kashmer and Baft populations, respectively. Bradsir and Kazerun had the highest concentration of rutin (5.93 mg/g dry weight) and rosmarinic acid (0.624 mg.g-1 dry weight), respectively. The results also showed that the glycyrrhizic acid content had a positive and significant correlation with liquiritigenin content at 5 % probability level. A positive and significant correlation was observed between glabridin and liquiritin contents at 5% probability level, but it had a significant negative correlation with IC50. Based on the results of cluster analysis, 22 licorice populations were categorized into five main groups comprising ten, two, two, one and seven populations, respectively. Factor analysis showed that the first four factors explained 69.21% of the total variance. The first to fourth factors accounted for 24.26%, 17.10%, 15.49% and 12.34% of the total variance, respectively.

 

Conclusion

Knowledge of different phytochemical characteristics helps breeders in the improvement and domestication of plants. This was a practical research study to create the possibility of selection in order to select desirable populations of licorice. The results of this research showed that there are high levels of diversity among licorice populations in terms of phytochemical characteristics including glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin and liquiritin contents. In general, this study showed that different licorice populations have high phytochemical potential and diversity, so that Kazerun, Ilam, and Yasouj were superior populations in terms of glycyrrhizic acid, glabridin, liquiritigenin and liquiritin contents, respectively, and depending on the industry's needs, they can be used for breeding programs, domestication and introduction to the licorice cultivation system.

 

مراجع

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 55، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 135-151

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 26 فروردین 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 01 مهر 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 19 مهر 1402

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