هیبریدهای جدید متحمل به سرمای بهاره زردآلو (‏Prunus armeniaca L.‎‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران

2 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان سمنان (شاهرود)، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، شاهرود، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

خسارت ناشی از سرمای بهاره مهم‌ترین عامل کاهش تولید زردآلو است. انتخاب ارقام متحمل به سرمای بهاره به عنوان یکی از بهترین راهکارهای کاهش خسارت سرمازدگی مد نظر است. به منظور انتخاب ژنوتیپ‌های متحمل به سرما و با کیفیت مناسب میوه، 1000 هیبرید حاصل از دورگ‌گیری بین دو ژنوتیپ نوری دیررس× رجبعلی در طی دو سال 1399 و 1400 در ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی بسطام شاهرود مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یادداشت‌برداری از صفات فنولوژیک و پومولوژیک و نیز تحمل به سرمای بهاره به صورت طبیعی انجام شد. تحمل سرما از طریق شمارش تعداد گل یا میوه سالم و خسارت دیده در روی سه شاخه تصادفی در هر درخت و بعد از وقوع سرمازدگی تعیین شد. آخرین دمای بحرانی خسارت‌زا در سال اول و دوم به ترتیب در دماهای 5- و 4- درجه سانتی‌گراد اتفاق افتاد. هیبرید 74-7 با 60 درصد و هیبرید 64-12 با 41 درصد تحمل سرما  به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم به عنوان متحمل‌ترین هیبرید‌ها شناسایی شدند. ارزیابی میوه 51 هیبرید متحمل در سال دوم نشان داد که تنوع خیلی زیادی از لحاظ بیشتر صفات در بین آن‌ها وجود داشت. دامنه تغییرات 45 روز تاریخ رسیدگی، 37 گرم وزن میوه، 13 درجه بریکس مواد جامد محلول و 933/1 کیلوگرم بر سانتی‌متر مربع سفتی بافت میوه در بین هیبریدها مشاهده شد. بررسی میانگین تحمل به سرمای دو ساله هیبرید‌ها نشان داد که 10 هیبرید با کدهای 74-7، 65-10، 43-11، 11-12، 21-12، 31-12، 47-12، 64-12، 29-13 و 16-14 در مقایسه با شاهد تجاری متحمل (جهانگیری) برتر بودند و می‌توانند کاندیدای تکثیر و ارزیابی سازگاری جهت رسیدن به رقم متحمل به سرمازدگی با کیفیت میوه مناسب باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

New apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) hybrids tolerant to spring frost

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Abedini Esfahlani 1
  • Seyed hamidreza Ziaolhagh 2
  • Abbasali Jannatizadeh 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Field and Horticultural Crops Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), ‎Shahrood, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Agricultural Engineering Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education ‎Center of Semnan Province (Shahrood), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Shahrood, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resourses, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Damages caused by spring frosts are the most critical factor in reducing apricot production. The selection of cultivars tolerant to spring frost has been regarded as the most straightforward strategy to reduce late spring frost damages. To select frost-tolerant genotypes with suitable fruit quality, 1000 hybrids resulting from hybridization between two genotypes, Noori_Dirras×Rajabali, were evaluated for two years, 2020 and 2021, in the Agricultural Research Station of Bastam Shahroud. Phenological and pomological traits as well as spring frost tolerance were recorded naturally. Frost tolerance was determined by counting the number of healthy and damaged flowers or fruits on three random branches in each tree after the onset of frost. The last critical damaging temperatures in the first and second years occurred at -5 and -4 °C, respectively. Hybrids No. 7-74 with 60% and No. 12-64 with 41% tolerance of spring frost were identified as the most tolerant hybrids in the first and second years, respectively. Evaluation of the fruit of 51 tolerant genotypes in the second year showed that there was a great variety in the most traits among the offsprings. Ranges of 45 days to ripening, 37 g fruit weight, 13 ◦Brix total soluble solids, and 1.933 kg/cm2 fruit firmness were observed among the hybrids. A comparison of the two-year frost tolerance mean of hybrids showed that 10 hybrids, 7-74, 10-65, 11-43, 12-11, 12-31, 12-47, 12-64, 13-29 and 14-16 were superior compared to the commercial tolerant genotype (Jahangiri) and could be candidates for propagation and adaptation experiments to achieve frost-tolerant cultivar with good fruit quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apricot cultivar Rajabali
  • frost damage
  • ‎‏ ‏stress tolerance
  • yield

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 4
دی 1401
صفحه 927-936

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 فروردین 1401
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 خرداد 1401
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 خرداد 1401

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