ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کمی، کیفی و جذب عناصر گیاه به‌لیمو (‏Lippia citriodora L.‎‏) تحت تاثیر ‏بیوچار، ورمی کمپوست و ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد گیاه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، ‏آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاهان دارویی و محصولات فرعی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش ‏و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

جنس Lippia بیش از 200 گونه دارد که  Lippia citriodora  L. به دلیل داشتن خواص دارویی دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای می‌باشد. به منظور ارزیابی ویژگی‌های کمی و کیفی و عناصر گیاه به‌لیمو تحت تاثیر ورمی‌کمپوست، بیوچار و ریزوباکتری‌های محرک رشد (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria-PGPR)، آزمایشی به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار، در موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع، ایستگاه تحقیقات البرز در شرایط مزرعه، در سال 1396 روی نهال‌های یک ساله اجرا شد. عامل اول ورمی‌کمپوست در سه سطح (0، 6 و 12 تن در هکتار)، عامل دوم بیوچار در سه سطح (صفر، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار) و عامل سوم باکتری‌های محرک رشد در دو سطح (بدون تلقیح و تلقیح با تلفیقی از 3 سویه ازتوباکتر (Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5)، آزوسپیریلوم (Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF) و سودوموناس (Pseudomonas putida)) بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد بیشترین درصد اسانس با 86/0 درصد از تیمار شاهد و حداکثر عملکرد اسانس با 74/3کیلوگرم بر هکتار از تیمار 12 تن ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه 10 تن بیوچار و تلقیح کود زیستی بدست آمد. بیشترین آهن (06/377 پی‌پی‌ام) در تیمار 6 تن ورمی‌کمپوست به همراه 10 تن بیوچار در هکتار و تلقیح با کود زیستی وجود داشت. به طور کلی کاربرد 6 تن ورمی‌کمپوست در هکتار ، 10 تن بیوچار در هکتار و تلقیح گیاهان به‌لیمو با باکتری‌های محرک رشد از طریق افزایش رشد و توسعه ریشه و در نتیجه جذب بهتر آب و مواد غذایی از خاک می‌تواند سبب افزایش عملکرد و بهبود صفات کمی گیاه گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation quantitative, qualitative traits and elements adsorption of lemon verbena (Lippia ‎citriodora L.) under biochar, vermicompost and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maasoumeh Layeghhaghighi 1
  • Bohloul Abbaszadeh 2
1 Researcher, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension ‎Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and extension Organization ‎‎(AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The Lippia genus which has over than 200 species and Lippia citriodora L. is medicinally important. In order to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative characteristics and elements of Lippia citriodora L. under the influence of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), vermicompost and biochar, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in the Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Alborz Research Station in field conditions, was implemented in 2017 on one-year seedlings. The  first factor included factors: vermi-compost at three levels (0, 6 and 12 ton/ha), the second factors was biochar  at three levels (0, 5 and 10 ton/ha) and the thirs factor was plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at two levels (non-inoculation and inoculation with combination of Azotobacter chroococcum strain 5, Azospirillum lipoferum strain OF and Pseudomonas putida). Comparison of means demonstrated that the highest essential oil percentage (0.86 %) was acquired from control treatment and the highest essential oil yield with 3.74 kg/ha was observed in treatment 12 ton/ha vermicompost, 10 ton/ha biochar and inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. The highest Fe (377.06 ppm) was observed in 12 ton/ha vermicompost, 10 ton/ha biochar and non-inoculation. Generally, application of 6 ton per hectare vermicompost, 10 ton per hectare biochar and PGPRs on Lippia citriodora can improve yield and qualitative traits of the plant through increasing growth, developing root and better absorbing water and nutrients from soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio fertilizer
  • lemon verbena
  • medicinal plant
  • organic fertilizer‎
  1. Anwar, M., Patra, D.D., Chand, S., & Khanuja, S.P.S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, Nutrient Accumulation, and oil quality of French basil.Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 36, 1737-46.
  2. Arancon, N.Q., Edwards, C.A., Atiyeh, R., & Metzger, J. D. (2004). Effect of vermicomposts produced from food wasted on the growth and yields of greenhouse peppers. Bioresource Technology, 97, 831-840.
  3. Asai, H., Samson, B. K., Stephan, H. M., Songyikhangsuthor, K., Homma, K., Kiyono, Y., Inoue, Y., Shiraiwa, T., & Horie, T. (2009). Biochar amendment techniques for upland rice production in Northern Laos. 1. Soil physical properties, leaf SPAD and grain yield. Field Crops Research, 111, 81-84.
  4. Azadbakht, M. (1999). Herbs clasification, (pp.256.) Teymourzadeh Publication, Tayeb Publication. (In Farsi).
  5. Bashan, Y., & Doubrovsky, J.G. (1996). Azospirillum Parcitipation in dry matter partitioning in grasses at the whole plant level. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 23, 435-440.
  6. Campitelli, P., & Ceppi, S. (2008). Effects of composting technologies on the chemical and physicochemical properties of humic acids. Geoderma, 14, 325-33.
  7. Chan, K. Y., Van Zwieten, L., Meszaros, I., Downie, A., & Joseph, S. (2007). Agronomic values of greenwaste biochar as a soil amendment. Soil Research, 45, 629-634.
  8. Darzi, M.T.A., Ghalavand, V., & Rajali, F. (2008). Investigating the effects of mycorrhiza, vermi-compost, and phosphate biofertilizer on flowering, biologic yield, and stem symbiosis of fennel. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 10, 88-109. (In Farsi).
  9. Esmaielpour, B., Rahmanian, M. Heidarpour, O., & Shahriyari, M.H. (2017). Effect of vermicompost and spent mushroom compost on the nutrient and essential oil composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20, 1283-1292.
  10. Ganjali, A., & Kaykhaii, M. (2017). Investigating the essential oil composition of Rosmarinus officinalis before and after fertilizing with vermicompost. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 20(5), 1413-1417.
  11. Glaser, B., & Birk, J. J. (2012). State of the scientific knowledge on properties and genesis of Anthropogenic Dark Earths in Central Amazonia (terra preta de Índio). Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 82, 39-51.
  12. Hald, P.M. (1947). The flame photometer for the measurement of sodium and potassium in biological materials. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 167, 499-510.
  13. Hale, S. E., Alling, V., Martinsen,V., Mulder, J., Breedveld, G.D., & Cornelissen, G. (2013). The sorption and desorption of phosphate-P, ammonium- Nandnitrate-Nincacaoshell and corncobbiochars. Chemosphere, 91, 1612-1619.
  14. Heidarpour, O., Esmaielpour, B., Ashraf Soltani, A., & Khorramdel, S. (2019). Effect of vermicompost on essential oil composition of (Satureja hortensis) under water stress condition. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 22(2), 484-492.
  15. Hovind, H. (2004). Trace elements determination AAS. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Desk Study Horizontal, 20-47.
  16. IRIMO, I.R. of I.M.O.M. (2017). Climatology, Http://www.irimo.ir/.
  17. Kandeel, Y.R., Nofal, E.S., Menesi, F.A., Reda, K.A., Taher, M., & Zaki, Z.T. (2001). Effect of some cultural practices on growth and chemical composition of Foeniculum vulgare In: Proceedings of 5th Arabian Horticultural Conference., 24-28 Mar., Egypt, pp. 61-72.
  18. Karimi, H. (2002). A Dictionary of Iran’s vegetations (1st ed). Parcham Publication. (In Farsi).
  19. Kazeminasab, A., Yarnia, M., Lebaschy, M.H., Mirshekari, B., & Rejali, F. (2016). The effect of vermicompost and PGPR on physiological traits of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) plant under drought stress. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 2, 135-144.
  20. Kiafar, R., Akbarzadeh, M., & Khommami, A.M. (2013). Investigation of the effect of some organic fertilizers on the oil of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) and its antibacterial effects. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 2(20) 866-871.
  21. Kumar, T.S., Swaminathan, V., & Kumar, S. (2009). Influence of nitrogen, phosphorus and biofertilizers on growth, yield and essential oil constituents in ratoon crop of davana (Artemisia pallens). Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 8(2) 86-95.
  22. Laird, D. A. (2008). The charcoalvision: awin-win-win scenariofor simultaneously producing bioenergy, permanently sequestering carbon, while improving soil and water quality. Agronomy Journal, 100, 178-181.
  23. Laird, D.A., Rogovska, N.P., Garcia-Perez, M., Collins, H.P., Streubel, J.D., & Smith, M. (2011). Pyrolysis and biochar-opportunities for distributed production and soil quality enhancement, in sustainable alternative fuel feed stock opportunities, challenges and road maps for six U.S. regions, In proceedings of the Sustainable Feed stocks for Advanced Biofuels Workshop, Johnson (GA:SWCS publisher), Atlanta, pp. 257-281.
  24. Le Croy, C., Masiello, C.A., Rudgers, J.A., Hockaday, W.C., & Silberg, J.J. (2013). Nitrogen, biochar, and mycorrhizae: alteration of thesymbiosis and oxidation of the charsurface. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 58, 248-254.
  25. Lehmann, J., Rillig, M.C., Thies, J., Masiello, C.A., Hockaday, W. C., & Crowley, D. (2011). Biochar effects on soil biota-a review. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 43, 1812-1836.
  26. Leithy, S., El-Meseiry, T., & Abdallah, E.F. (2006). Effect of bio fertilizers, cell stabilizer and irrigation regime on rosemary herbage oil yield and quality. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 2(10), 773- 779.
  27. Lynch, J.M., & Barbano, D.M. (1999). Kjeldahl nitrogen analysis as a reference method for protein determination in dairy products. Journal of AOAC International, 82, 1389-1398.
  28. Mahfouz, S.A., & Sharaf-Eldin, M.A. (2007). Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare ). International Agrophysics, 21(4), 361-366.
  29. Mirza, M., Sefidkon, F., & Ahmadi, L. (1996). Natural essential oils (extraction, qualitative & quantitative identify, application). Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands press, 1, 175. (In Farsi).
  30. Mohammadi, M., Tobeh, A., Vahidipour, H.R., & Fakhari, R. (2013). Effects of biological fertilizers on essential oil components and quantitative and qualitative yield of lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora). International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science. 5(12), 1374 - 80.
  31. V. (1998). Dictionary of Iranian plants names. Farhange Moaser. (In Farsi).
  32. Mrkovacki, N., & Milic, V. (2001). Use of azotobacter chroococcum as potentially useful in agricultureal application. Annals of Microbiology, 51, 145-158.
  33. Mukherjee, A., & Zimmerman, A.R. (2013). Organic carbon and nutrient release from arangeo flaboratory-produced biochars and biochar-soil mixtures. Geoderma, 193, 122–130.
  34. Namgay, T., Singh, B., & Singh, B. P. (2010). Influence of biochar application to soil on the availability of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn to maize (Zea mays). Australian Journal of Soil Research, 48, 638-647.
  35. Narula, N., Kumar, V., Behl, R.K., Deubel, A., Gransee, A., & Merbach, W. (2000). Effect of P-solubilizing Azotobacter chroococcum on N, P and K uptake in P-responsive wheat genotypes grown under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 163(4), 393-398.
  36. Pallai, R. (2005). Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on canola (Brassica napus) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) plants. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science, University of Saskatche Wan Saskatoon.
  37. Prabha, M.L., Jayraaj, I.A. Jayraaj, R., & Rao, D.S. (2007). Effective of vermicompost on growth parameters of selected vegetable and medicinal plants. Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, 9, 321-326.
  38. H., Davari, M.R. Moghimi Nejad, S., & Armaghan, F. (2013). Biochar (pyrolyzed biomass), soil amendments in sustainable agriculture. National Conference on Agricultural Science and Technology, 6 Mar., Malayer, Iran, pp. 34-43. (In Farsi).
  39. Rashedi, L. (2001). Traditional drugstore (4th ed.). Tobugh Publication. (In Farsi).
  40. Renaut, J., Lutts, S., Hoffmann, L., & Hausman, J.F. (2004). Responses of poplar to chilling temperature: proteomics and physiological aspects. Plant Biology, 6, 81-90.
  41. Samavat, S., Lekzian, A., & Zamirpour, A.R. (2001). Effects of vermicompost on growth indices of Solanum lycopersicum. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Industries 15(2), 83-88. (In Farsi).
  42. Sinclair, K., Slavich, P., van Zwieten, L., & Downie, A. (2008). Productivity and nutrient availability on a Ferrosol: biochar, lime and fertiliser. In: Proceedings of 14th Australian Agronomy Conference, 21-25 Sep., Adelaide, South Australia, pp. 119-122.
  43. Singh, B., Singh, B.P., & Cowie, A.L. (2010). Characterisation and evaluation of biochars for their application as a soil amendment. Soil Research, 48, 516-525.
  44. Sohi,S.P., Krull, E. Lopez-Capel, E., & Bol, R. (2010). A review of biochar and its use and function in soil. Advances in Agronomy, 105, 47-82.
  45. Solaiman, Z.M., Blackwell, P., Abbott, L. K., & Storer, P. (2010). Direct and residual effect to biochar application on mycorrhizal root colonisation, growth and nutrition of wheat. Australian Journal in Soil Research, 48, 546-554.
  46. Tasdighi, H., Salehi, A., Movahhedi Dehnavi, M., & Behzadi, Y. (2015). Survey of yield, yield components and essential oil of Matricaria chamomillawith application of vermicompost and different irrigation levels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 25(3), 61-78. (In Farsi).
  47. Vaccari, F., Baronti, S., Lugato, E., Genesio, L., Castaldi, S., Fornasier, F., & Miglietta, F. (2011). Biochar as a strategy to sequester carbon and increase yield in durum wheat. European Journal of Agronomy, 34, 231-238.
  48. Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K.Y., Downie, A., Rust, J., Joseph, S., & Cowie, A. (2010). Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, (327), 235-246.
  49. Waling, I., Vark, V., Houba, V. J. G., & Van der lee, J. J. (1989). Soil and Plant Analysis, a series of syllabi. Part 7, Plant analysis procedure. wageningen agriculture university. Netherland.
  50. Warnock, D.D., Mummey, D.L., McBride, B., Major, J., Lehmann, J., & Rillig, M.C. (2010). Influences of non-herbaceous biochar on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal abundances in root sand soils: results from growth -chamber and field experiments. Applied Soil Ecology, 46, 450-456.
  51. Winsley, P. (2007). Biochar and bioenergy production for climate change mitigation. New Zealand Science Review, (64), 5-10.
  52. Yasari, E., & Patwardhan. A. M. (2007). Effects of Aztobacter and Azospirillium inoculations and chemical fertilizers on growth and productivity of canola. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6(1), 77-82.
  53. Yasmin, S., & Nehvi, F.A. (2013). Saffron as a valuable spice: A comprehensive review. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(3), 234-242.
  54. Youssef, A.A., Edris, A.E., & Gomaa, A.M. (2004). A comparative study between some plant growth regulators and certain growth hormones producing microorganisms on growth and essential oil composition of Salvia officinalis plant. Annals of Agricultural Science, 49, 299-311.
  55. Zargari, A. (1992). Medicinal plants. (5th ed, 3rd Volume). University of Tehran Publication, 711-713. (In Farsi).