پاسخ رشد، ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیکی و غلظت برخی عنصرهای معدنی گیاه هندوانه بومی پیوندشده ‏به تنش کمبود اکسیژن در کشت هیدروپونیک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولیعصر رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی تحمل گیاهان پیوندشده هندوانه روی پایه کدو به شرایط کمبود اکسیژن، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سطل­های پلاستیکی 5 لیتری حاوی محلول غذایی با فرمول هوگلند و آرنون اجرا شد. عامل اول میزان هوادهی محلول غذایی در چهار سطح (شاهد، کاهش هوادهی، عدم هوادهی و تزریق نیتروژن) و عامل دوم پیوند در دو سطح (عدم پیوند و پیوند) بودند. ارزیابی‌ها براساس غلظت عناصر غذایی در برگ و شاخص­های رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد هرچند با کاهش اکسیژن محلول غذایی یا تزریق نیتروژن به محلول غذایی، ویژگی­های رشدی گیاه نظیر ارتفاع گیاه، قطر ساقه، وزن‌تر و خشک شاخساره و وزن‌تر و خشک ریشه به‌طور معنی داری کاهش یافت، ولی گیاهان پیوندی، به جز قطر ساقه، در سایر صفات ذکر شده به­طور معنی داری از ویژگی­های رشدی بهتری نسبت به گیاهان غیرپیوندی برخوردار بودند. با کاهش مقدار اکسیژن محلول غذایی مقدار پرولین و قندهای محلول در شاخساره و ریشه گیاهان پیوندی و غیرپیوندی افزایش یافت، ولی غلظت پرولین و قندهای محلول در گیاهان پیوندی بالاتر از گیاهان غیرپیوندی بود. تنش کمبود اکسیژن باعث کاهش مقدار کلروفیل کل، کارتنوئید و عنصرهای غذایی پتاسیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و فسفر اندام‌هوایی و ریشه گردید، ولی غلظت پرولین، قندهای محلول و عنصرها در گیاهان پیوندی بیشتر از گیاهان غیرپیوندی بود. به‌طور خلاصه، با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش پیوند هندوانه روی پایه کدو سبب افزایش تحمل گیاه هندوانه به شرایط کمبود اکسیژن گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of growth, physiological characteristics and concentration of some mineral ‎nutrients of local grafted watermelon to oxygen deficiency stress in hydroponic ‎system

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Roosta 1
  • Amin Akbari 2
  • Mahmoud Raghami 3
  • Mahdi Bikdeloo 4
1 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Arak University, Arak, Iran
2 M. Sc. Graduated, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Arak University, Arak, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the tolerance of grafted watermelon plants on pumpkin, to oxygen deficiency conditions, a factorial experiment was carried out in the form of a completely randomized design in 5-liter plastic buckets containing Hoagland and Arnon's nutrient solution. The first factor was the amount of aeration of the nutrient solution in four levels (control, reduced aeration, no aeration and nitrogen injection) and the second factor was grafting in two levels (no grafting and grafting). The evaluations were based on the concentration of nutrients in leaves, and vegetative and physiological indicators. The results showed that although by reducing the oxygen in the nutrient solution or injecting nitrogen into the nutrient solution, the growth characteristics of the plant such as plant height, stem diameter, shoot fresh and dry weight, and root fresh and dry weight decreased significantly, but grafted plants, except for the stem diameter, had significantly better growth characteristics than non-grafted plants in other mentioned traits. With the decrease in dissolved oxygen of nutrient solution, the amount of proline and soluble sugars in the shoots and roots of grafted and non-grafted plants increased, but the concentration of proline and soluble sugars in grafted plants was higher than that of non-grafted plants. Oxygen deficiency stress decreased the amount of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and nutritional elements potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in shoot and root, but the concentrations of proline, soluble sugars and elements were higher in grafted plants than non-grafted plants. In short, according to the results of this research, grafting watermelon on pumpkin rootstock increased the tolerance of watermelon plant to oxygen deficiency conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • N2 injection
  • Osmoregulators
  • Oxygen stress
  • watermelon

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 647-665

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 خرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 دی 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 بهمن 1400

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