سازوکارهای دفاعی مورفولوژیک، رشدی و بیوشیمیایی تحمل به خشکی در ارقام انتخابی تجاری سیب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه باغیانی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، پژوهشکده میوه‌های معتدله و سردسیری، گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی ، سازمان تحقیقات ‏آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج ، ایران

چکیده

بررسی­های فنوتیپی و عملکردی 93 رقم و نژادگان سیب پس از وقوع تنش خشکی شدید منجر به شناسایی 14 رقم تجاری و دو نژادگان گردید که از توانایی حفظ محصول تا زمان رسیدن برخوردار بودند. مطالعات تکمیلی پساتنش با ارزیابی 14 مولفه مورفولوژیک و ویژگی­های رشدی مانند ارتفاع درخت، سطح سایه­گستر، محیط تنه و شدت تظاهر صفات عادت رشد با هدف شناسایی ساز­و­کارهای دفاعی ثابت تکوینی انجام شد. میزان پرولین و کربوهیدرات محلول کل نمونه­های برگی ارقام و دو نژادگان متحمل در مقایسه با دو شاهد حساس 'گلدن دلیشز' و 'عسلی' مورد اندازه­گیری قرار گرفت. بین کاهش سطح کل فتوسنتز­کننده و تحمل به خشکی همبستگی مثبتی وجود داشت. قدرت رشد در 12 رقم و نژادگان کم، 2 رقم متوسط و تنها 2 رقم در سطح بالا بود. در ارقام و نژادگان‌های متحمل ارتفاع، سطح سایه گستر، محیط تنه، سطح پهنک، طول و عرض برگ کم­تر و طول میانگره کوتاه­تر بود و شاخه­های یک­ساله دارای طول و قطر دمبرگ، ضخامت شاخه، کرک سطح پایینی پهنک و کرک نیمه انتهایی شاخه بیشتر بود. ارقام متحمل با میانگین طول میانگره 91/9 میلی­متر رشد کمتری نسبت به ارقام حساس با 31/19 میلی­متر داشتند. میزان پرولین و کلروفیل کل نمونه‌های برگی در ارقام متحمل با 55/1 میلی­گرم در لیتر و 48/27 بیشتر از ارقام حساس با 35/1 میلی‌گرم در لیتر و 56/22 بود. میزان کربوهیدرات محلول کل برگ در ارقام حساس با 57/162 میلی‌گرم در لیتر نسبت به ارقام مقاوم با 7/125 میلی‌گرم در لیتر بیشتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Defensive mechanisms of the selected drought tolerant apple commercial cultivars ‎crossed by morphologies, growth and biochemical traits

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamed Akbari 1
  • Hassan Hajnajari 2
1 M. Sc. Gratuate, Department of Horticultural Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran‎
2 Associate Professor, Temperate Cold Fruit Research Center, Genetic improvement Group, Horticulture Science Research Institude, ‎‎(AREEO), Karaj, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

Post-drought stress phenotyping and cropping assessments of 93 apple cultivars and genotypes led to individuation of 14 commercials and two drought tolerant genotypes, capable to keep the crop til ripening. Further studies were achieved at post-stress stage. Scion tree vigor components as tree height, shading area, trunk diameter, internode length and thickness, leaf length and width, stock length and diameter, leaf page hair fitness, leaf area index, leaf axis angle, cortex color, stomata number of annual shoots, hair fitness on annual shoot apex to distinct the defense mechanisms of the evolved stable traits were invetigated. The proline and total carbohydrates contents of the leaf samples were measured as well as fruit biochemical traits of pH, TSS and TA of the tolerant and susceptible 'Golden Delicious' and 'Assali'. Positive correlation was found between reduced total photosynthetic area and drought tolerance so that tree vigor was ranked as weak in 12 Cvs, middle in 2 Cvs and only high in 2 Cvs. The tolerant CVs tree height, shading area, trunk diameter, leaf area index, leaf length and width, internode length demonstrated lower values but the annual shoots presented higher rates of leaf stalck length and diameter shoot diameter, and higher hair density of leaf and shoot apex. The mean if internode length, 9/91 mm, was lower in tolerant Cvs than controls as 19.31 mm. The leaf samples of tolerant Cvs had higher proline 1.55 mg/l, total chlorophyll contents of 27.48 than 1.35 and 22.56 related to the controls. The control Cvs showed increased leaf carbohydrates 162.57 mg/l than tolerant Cvs 125.7 mg/l.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • tolerance
  • selection
  • stable traits
  • evolution
  • defense mechanism‎

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
آذر 1401
صفحه 629-646

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 13 اسفند 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 13 بهمن 1400

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