تاثیر دانه گرده بر تشکیل بذر و میوه در نارنگی کلمانتین و بررسی نقش قرابت ژنتیکی منابع گرده‌زا ‏در عمل لقاح

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه جهرم، جهرم، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

به منظور بررسی اثر دانه­های گرده مختلف بر خصوصیات کمی و کیفی میوه نارنگی کلمانتین آزمایشی در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در شش تیمار با چهار تکرار انجام گرفت. بدین منظور گرده­افشانی نارنگی کلمانتین با دانه­های گرده لیموشیرین، لیمولیسبون، گریپ‌فروت، نارنج، خودگرده­افشانی و آزادگرده­افشانی انجام گرفت. تعیین سازگاری و ناسازگاری رقم­های گرده­دهنده به دو روش گرده­افشانی کنترل شده و مطالعه میکروسکوپی رشد لوله گرده انجام شد. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه میکروسکوپی نشان داد نارنگی کلمانتین خودناسازگار بوده و با همه گونه­های مورد آزمایش سازگار بود. درصد تشکیل میوه مربوط به گل­های گرده­افشانی شده با گرده­های لیموشیرین (75/73)، لیمولیسبون (25/71)، گریپ­فروت (70) و نارنج (70) تفاوت معنی­داری نشان نداد، در حالی که تیمارهای گرده­افشانی باز و خودگرده‌افشانی تشکیل میوه کمتری داشتند. بیشترین بذر سالم از میوه­های حاصل از گرده نارنج (2/13 عدد) حاصل شد، در حالی­­که میوه­های حاصل از خودگرده­افشانی بذری نداشتند. همچنین گرده­های نارنج و لیمولیسبون نسبت به بقیه گونه­های مرکبات مورد استفاده، قدرت بیشتری برای جوانه­زنی و نفوذ در مادگی گل‌های نارنگی کلمانتین دارا بودند. بررسی قرابت ژنتیکی بین گونه­های مورد ارزیابی مشخص نمود نارنج بیشترین شباهت را در سطح دی ان آ با نارنگی کلمانتین داشت. نتایج این پژوهش مشخص کرد نوع دانه گرده تاثیر بالایی در میزان تشکیل میوه و ویژگی­های کمی و کیفی میوه نارنگی کلمانتین دارد. در مجموع با توجه به فاکتورهای مختلف، گونه­های گریپ­فروت و لیمولیسبون به ‌عنوان بهترین نوع گرده­دهنده برای تولید اقتصادی میوه نارنگی کلمانتین پیشنهاد می­گردد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of pollen grain sources on the fruit and seed formation of the Clementine ‎mandarin and the role of genetic similarity of the pollen sources in fertilization ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hari Alinejad-Jahromi 1
  • Abdolkarim Zarei 2
  • Abdolrahman Mohammadkhani 3
1 Ph.D. Graduate, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran ‎
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom University, Jahrom, Iran‎
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran ‎
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the role of different pollen grains on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 'Clementine' mandarin (Citrus clementina), an experiment was carried out based on a randomized complete blocks design with six treatments and four replications. The 'Clementine' mandarin was subjected to the open-, self-, and cross-pollination with the pollen grains of sweet lemon (Citrus limetta), grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), Lisbon lemon (Citrus limon) and sour orange (Citrus aurantium). The compatibility and incompatibility of pollinators were determined using controlled pollination methods and the microscopic analyses of pollen tube growth. The microscopic evaluations revealed that 'Clementine' mandarin is a self-incompatible cultivar but it is compatible with all studied species. The fruit set in the flowers that were pollinated with sweet lemon (73.75%), Lisbon lemon (71.25%), grapefruit (70%) and sour orange (70%) were not significantly different, while the self- and open- pollinated flowers produced a lower leve of fruit set. The highest viable seeds (13.2) were recorded in the fruits that were pollinated with sour orange, while the self-pollinated ones had no seed. In addition, the pollens of sour orange were the most successful for penetration to the basal portion of style and into ovary of ‘Clementine’ mandarin. Evaluation of genetic affinity among Citrus species revealed that sour orange is the most genetically similar species with 'Clementine' mandarin. Results of this investigation showed that the source of pollen grain substantially affect the fruit set as well as qualitative and quantitative attributes of 'Clementine' mandarin. By considering all of the fruit-related factors, the pollens of C. paradisi and C. limon are suggested as the best choice for improving qualitative and quantitative characteristics of 'Clementine' mandarin. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Citrus
  • fruit set
  • genetic relationship
  • pollen germination
  • pollination‎

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 مرداد 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 مهر 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 18 مهر 1400

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