پاسخ‌های ریخت‌شناسی و فیزیولوژیکی نهال پیوندی انگور بیدانه سفید روی پایه ایرانی و خارجی در ‏شرایط تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان ‏تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

4 استادیار، دانشکده علوم کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

5 استادیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ایران

چکیده

تنش خشکی اثرات مختلفی بر رشد و متابولیسم گیاهان گذاشته و از مهمترین فاکتور محدود کننده رشد انگور می‌باشد. به­منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی بر برخی صفات ریخت شناسی و تبادلات گازی، انگور بیدانه سفید به­صورت خود ریشه و پیوند شده روی انگور رقم رشه و پایه 1103-P انتخاب شدند. این پژوهش به­صورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سه سطح تیمار تنش خشکی و با چهار تکرار در سالهای 1395-1394 اجرا گردید. تنش خشکی پس از رشد کافی نهال­ها اعمال گردید. زمان رسیدن نهال­ها به سطوح تنش متوسط و تنش شدید به روش وزنی- حجمی تعیین گردید. پایداری غشای سلولی (MSI)، محتوای نسبی آب برگ (RWC)، سطح  برگ (LA)، نسبت وزن خشک برگ به سطح برگ (LMA)، سطح ویژه برگ (SLA)، میزان کلروفیل a , b ، شدت فتوسنتز (A)، هدایت روزنه­ای (gs) و میزان تعرق (E) اندازه­گیری گردید. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی سبب کاهش معنی‌دار MSI و RWC گردید. LA و LMA بین سطوح مختلف تنش اختلاف معنی‌دار نشان داد. در شرایط تنش، مقدار SLA پیوندک روی پایه‌های پیوندی با حالت غیرپیوندی تفاوت معنی‌دار داشت. میزان کلروفیل، شدت فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنه­ای و تعرق با افزایش سطح تنش خشکی به­طور معنی‌دار کاهش یافت. نتایج بررسی صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری بیانگر تأثیر مثبت پایه‌های مورد استفاده بر افزایش میزان تحمل انگور حساس بیدانه سفید پیوندی به شرایط خشکی در مقایسه با گیاهان غیرپیوندی بوده و بر اساس یافته­های این پژوهش پایه ایرانی رشه همانند پایه مشهور 1103-P آمریکایی تحمل خوبی به شرایط تنش خشکی را در پیوندک انگور بیدانه سفید القا نمود. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological and physiological responses of grafted Sultana grapevine on Iranian ‎and American rootstocks to drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Dariush Madadi 1
  • Ali Ebadi 2
  • Hamed Dolati Baneh 3
  • Vahid Abdousi 4
  • Mehdi hadadinejad 5
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, ‎Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resouces, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Crop-Horticultural Research, Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources ‎of West Azerbaijan, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Urmia, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, ‎Tehran, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Drought stress has different effects on plant growth and metabolism and is one of the most important factors limiting the growth of grapes. In order to investigate the effect of drought stress on some morphological traits and gas exchanges, own-rooted Sultana cultivar and grafted on Rasheh grape and 1103-P rootstocks were selected. This research was conducted by factorial arrangement in completely randomized design with three levels of drought stress and four replications at 2015-2016. Drought stress was applied after plants growth. The time of plants arrival to medium and severe stress levels was determined by weighted-volumetric method. Membrane stability index (MSI), leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf area (LA), leaf mass area (LMA), specific leaf area (SLA), chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, photosynthesis rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (E) were measured. The results showed that drought stress significantly decreased MSI and RWC. LA and LMA showed a significant difference between two levels of stress treatments. Under stress conditions, the SLA values ​​of the non-grafted Sultana were significantly different. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll, gs and E decreased significantly by increasing drought stress. The results of measured traits of this study indicated the positive effect of the rootstocks used on increasing the resistance of susceptible Sultana grapes to drought conditions compared to non-grafted ones. Based on the findings of this research, Iranian grape variety (Rasheh) as the rootstock, as well as the famous American rootstock (1103), showed good tolerance to drought stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought stress
  • gas exchange
  • grapevine rootstocks
  • leaf traits

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 353-367

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 تیر 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 30 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 تیر 1399

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