تأثیر تراکم بوته و نیتروژن بر ویژگی‌های فنولوژیکی، ظرفیت فتوسنتزی و خصوصیات کیفی توده ‏بومی گوار (‏‎(Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.‎

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران

2 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات ثبت و گواهی بذر و نهال، کرج، ایران

چکیده

به منظور ارزیابی اثر تراکم بوته و کود نیتروژن بر خصوصیات فنولوژیکی، کیفی، ظرفیت فتوسنتزی و اجزای عملکرد توده بومی گوار، آزمایشی به صورت کرت­های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در شهرستان ایرانشهر در سال زراعی 1397-1396 اجراء گردید. عامل اصلی با چهار سطح تراکم بوته (25، 45، 60 و 85 بوته در متر مربع) و عامل فرعی، چهار سطح کود نیتروژن از منبع اوره (صفر، 50، 100، 150 کیلوگرم در هکتار کود اوره) بود. نتایج تجزیه واریانس داده­ها نشان داد اثر تراکم بوته بر تمامی صفات مورد بررسی، به جزء کربوهیدرات، صمغ و پروتئین، در سطح 1 درصد معنی­دار بود. مقایسه میانگین تراکم بوته نشان داد تیمار 25و 85 بوته در مترمربع به ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین تعداد شاخه فرعی بودند. تیمار 45 و 85 بوته در مترمربع، به‌ترتیب دارای بیشترین و کمترین میانگین عملکرد بذر و عملکرد بیولوژیکی (کیلوگرم در هکتار) بودند. اثر متقابل100 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن در تراکم 60 بوته در مترمربع دارای بیشترین درصد پروتئین و اثر متقابل صفر کیلو کود نیتروژن و تراکم 45 بوته در مترمربع دارای حداقل درصد پروتئین بودند. نتایج نشان داد برای دستیابی به عملکرد بذر و صمغ مطلوب، تیمار تراکم 45 بوته در مترمربع و50 کیلوگرم کود نیتروژن در هکتار برای توده بومی گرمبیت پیشنهاد می شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of palnt density and nitrogen on phonological characteristics, ‎photosynthesis capacity‏ ‏and qualitative traits of guar landrace (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub.)‎‏ ‏

نویسندگان [English]

  • Heydar Meftahizadeh 1
  • Mohammad Hassan Asareh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Ardakan, Ardakan, Iran
2 Professor, Research Institute of Seed and Seedling Registration and Certification, Karaj, Iran‎
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of plant density and nitrogen fertilizer on phonological, qualitative, photosynthesis capacity and yield components of guar native population, an experiment was carried out as split plot based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications in 2018 at Iranshahr, Iran. The main factor was four levels of plant density (25, 45, 60 and 85 plants/m2) and the sub factor, nitrogen fertilizer from the source of urea (0, 50, 100, 150 kg / ha). The results of variance analysis showed that the effect of plant density on all traits was significant, except carbohydrate, protein and gum at 1% level. Comparison of mean plant density showed that 25 and 85 plants / m2 had the highest and lowest number of branches, respectively. Treatments of 45 and 85 plants /m2 had the highest and lowest mean of seed yield and biological yield per hectare, respectively. The interaction of 100 kg N fertilizer and 60 plants/ m2 devoted the highest percentage of protein and interaction of 0 kg N fertilizer and 45 plants/m2 has minimum protein percent. Results showed that, in order to obtain high seed and gum yield product, density of 45 plants/m2 followed by 50 kg nitrogen/ha in Grembite landraces were recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carbohydrate
  • gum
  • locust bean
  • protein
  • seed yield

مراجع

  1. Ahmad, G.J., Arif, M., Jan, M.T. & Khattak, R. A. (2007). Influence of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on quality of canola (Brassica napus) under rainfed conditions. Zhejiang University Science, 8,731-737.
  2. Ahmadi, F., Moradi Talavat, M., Siadat, A. & Moshtati, A. (2018). Effect of various levels of humic acid on yield and absorption of nutritious elements in guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba) in different seed densities. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 9 (1), 33-49. (In Farsi).
  3. AOAC, (1983). Association of official analytical chemists, Washington, D.C, 50-65.
  4. Arnon, D.I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: Poly phenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24(1), 1-15.
  5. Asghari, A., Razmjoo, K. & Mazaheri Tehrani, M. (2006). Effect of nitrogen rates on yield, yield components and grain protein of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Journal of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, 13 (1), 49-57. (In Farsi).
  6. Baloch, A., Soomro, A.M., Javed, M.A., Ahmad, M., & Bughio, H.R. (2002). Optimum plant density for high yield in rice (Oriza sativa) Asian Journal of Plant Science, 1(2), 114-116.
  7. Cheema, M.A., Malik, M.A., Hussain, A., Shah, S.H. & Basra, A.M.A. (2001). Effects of time and rate of nitrogen and phosphorus application on the growth and the seed and oil yields of canola. Journal of Agronomy Crop Science, 186, 103-110.
  8. Dubois, M., Gilles, K.A., Hamilton, J.K., Rebbers, P.A. & Smith, F. (1956). Phenol sulfuric acid method for the determination of total carbohydrates. Analytical Chemistry, 28,350-356.
  9. Gan, Y., Stulen, I., Van Keulen, H. & Kuiper, P.J.C. (2003). Effect of N fertilizer top-dressing at various reproductive stages on growth, N2 fixation, and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes. Field Crops Research, 80, 147-155.
  10. Gill, M.S. & Narang, R.S. (1993). Yield analysis in Gobbi Sarson (Brassica napus) to plant density and nitrogen. Indian Journal of Agronomy, 38, 257-265.
  11. Gresta, F., Avola, G., Cannavò, S. & Santonoceto, C. (2018). Morphological, biological, productive and qualitative characterization of 68 guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) genotypes. Industrial Crops Product, 114, 98-107.
  12. Heidarzadeh, A., Modarres-Sanavy, S.A.M. & Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. (2020). Effect of nitrogen on some quantitative and qualitative traits of Dracocephalum kotschyi Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 51(3), 705-717. (in Farsi).
  13. Kaushal, T., Onda, M., Ito, S., Yamazaki, A., Fujikake, H., Ohtake, N., Sueyoshi, K., Takahashi, Y. & Ohyama, T. (2006). Effect of placement of slow- release fertilizer (Lime nitrogen) applied at different rates on growth, N2 fixation and yield of soybean (Glycine max). Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 192, 417-426.
  14. Khajehpour, M.R. (2009). The principle of agronomy. Isfahan Industrial University Publication. (in Farsi).
  15. Meftahizadeh, H. & Asareh, M.H. (2019). Comparison of Iranian populations of Cyamopsis Tetragonoloba with commercial varieties for yield components, yield and qualitative characteristics under different seasonal cultivation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, 35(3), 456-470. (In Farsi).
  16. Meftahizade, H., Hamidoghli, , Assareh, M.H. & Javanmard Dakheli, M. (2017). Effect of sowing date and irrigation regimes on yield components, protein and galactomannancontent of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.) in Iran climate. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 11(11), 1481-1487.
  17. Naseri, R., Rahimi, M.J. Siadat, S.A. & Mirzaei, A. (2015). The effects of supplementary irrigation and different plant densities on morphological traits, yield and its components and protein content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Sirvan region in Ilam province. Iranian Journal of Pulses Research, 6(1), 78-91. (In Farsi).
  18. Rao, K.S., Moorthy, B.T.S., Dash, A.B. & Lodh, S.B. (1996). Effect of time of transplanting on grain yield and quality traits of Basmati- Type seented rice (Oriza sativa) varieties in Coastal Orissa. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science, 66(6), 333-337.
  19. Sabahelkheir, M., Abdalla Abdelwahab, K. & Nouri Sulafa, H. (2012). Quality assessment of guar gum (endosperm) of guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). ISCA Journal of Biological Sciences, 1(1), 67-70.
  20. Shafaroodi, A., Zavareh, M., Peyvast, G., & Dorri, HR. (2012). Effect of sowing date and plant density on grain yield and yield components in dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). Landraces, 22(3), 47-60. (in Farsi).
  21. Shirtliffe, S.J. & Johnston, A.M. (2002). Yield density relationships and optimum plant populations in two cultivars of solid-seeding dry bean grown in Saskatchewan. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 82, 521-529.
  22. Salehi, F. (2014). Effect of plant density on seed yield and its components in new red bean lines. Agronomy Journal (Pajouhesh & Sazandegi), 103, 23-28. (In Farsi).
  23. Shahein, A.H., Agwah, E.M.R. & EL-Shammah, H. A. (1995). Effect of plant density as well as nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer rate on growth, green pods and dry seed yield and quality of broad bean. Annuals of Agricultural Science Moshtohor, 33(1), 371-388.
  24. Sinclair, T.T. & Dewit, C.T. (1975). Photosynthetate and nitrogen requirements for seed production by various crops. Crop Science, 189, 565-567.
  25. Stefan, S., Craig, E.A. & Michael, H.D. (2004). Forage soybean yield and quality responses to plant density and row distance. Agronomy Journal, 96, 966-970.
  26. Tabrizi, L., Zavvari, A.R., & Yazdani, D. (2017). Response of growth and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) to planting space and harvesting time. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48 (2), 317-327.
  27. Xiao, S., Chen. S., Zhao, L. & Wang, G. (2006). Density effects on plant height growth and inequality in sunflower population. Agronomy Journal, 48, 513-519.
  28. Zangani, A., & Kashani, A. (2001). Investigation of nitrogen levels on growth and qualitative and quantitative of seed in brassica sp. For autumn cultivation in Ahvaz region. M.Sc. Thesis. Chamran University, Iran. (In Farsi).
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 2
شهریور 1400
صفحه 329-339

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 09 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 17 آذر 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 02 بهمن 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار