تأثیر محلول‌پاشی اوره متناسب با فنولوژی رشد بر عملکرد و تناوب باردهی نارنگی ساتسوما ‏‏(‏Citrus unshiu‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏ساری، ایران

2 استادیار بخش علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ‏ساری، ایران

چکیده

به منظور افزایش عملکرد و کاهش تناوب باردهی نارنگی ساتسوما، آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی به مدت هفت سال بر درختان نارنگی ساتسوما انجام شد. تیمارها شامل شاهد، محلولپاشی زمستانی اوره (قبل از تمایز جوانه‌های گل)، محلولپاشی اوره در زمان گلدهی (باز شدن حداقل 50 درصد گل‌ها) و محلولپاشی تابستانی اوره (پس از ریزش تابستانه میوه‌چه‌ها) بودند. نتایج نشان داد تفاوت میانگین عملکرد بین سال پرمحصول و کم‌محصول در سالهای اول و دوم آزمایش بسیار زیاد بود، به‌طوری که عملکرد از 19/94 کیلوگرم به ازای هر درخت در سال پرمحصول به 69/13 کیلوگرم در کم محصول رسید که حدود 80 کیلوگرم تفاوت داشتند. اما تفاوت عملکرد بین سالهای پرمحصول و کم‌محصول بعدی (سالهای سوم و چهارم آزمایش) به حدود 40 کیلوگرم رسید که تقریباً نصف تفاوت عملکرد در تناوب اول (سالهای اول و دوم آزمایش) بود. بنابراین، محلولپاشی اوره به تدریج موجب تعدیل تناوب باردهی در سالهای آزمایش شده است. بین تیمارهای مختلف محلولپاشی اوره از نظر عملکرد تجمعی، تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود داشت، به‌طوری که بیشترین عملکرد تجمعی از تیمارهای شاهد و محلول‌پاشی در زمان گلدهی حاصل شد. همچنین تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف محلولپاشی اوره بر شاخص تناوب باردهی از نظر آماری معنیدار بود. درختان در تیمار شاهد، بیشترین شاخص تناوب باردهی را داشتند و تیمارهای محلول­پاشی زمستانی و محلول‌پاشی در زمان گلدهی از کمترین شاخص تناوبباردهی برخوردار بودند. همه تیمارهای محلولپاشی اوره وزن متوسط میوهها را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند. بنابراین براساس نتایج این آزمایش جهت تعدیل تناوب باردهی، محلول‌پاشی زمستانه و بهاری اوره توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of urea spray accordance with growth phenology on yield and alternate ‎bearing of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ali Asadi Kangarshahi 1
  • Negin Akhlaghi Amiri 2
1 Assistant Professor, Soil and Water Research Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Agronomy and Horticultural Science Department, Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research ‎and Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

To increase yield and reduce alternate bearing of satsuma mandarin trees, an experiment was performed in randomized complete block design during seven years. Treatments include: control; winter urea spraying (before flower bud differentiation); urea spraying at full bloom (at the opening of at least 50% of flowers) and summer urea spraying (after summer physiological abscission of fruitlets). Results showed that yield difference between “on” and “off” years in the first and second years was very high as from 94.19 kg for each tree in the first (on) year reached to 13.69 kg in the second (off) year which had about 80 kg difference. But yield difference in following “on” and “off” years (third and fourth years of experiment) reach to about 40 kg that was about half of previous alternate bearing cycle. Therefore, urea spraying adjusts alternate bearing during years of experiment, gradually. Treatments of urea spraying had significant difference on cumulative yield at 5% as the highest obtained from control and at flowering spray treatments. Also, effect of different urea treatments on alternate bearing index was significant. Control trees, had the most alternate bearing index and winter and spring spray treatments had the least alternate bearing index. All urea spray treatments increased fruit average weight compare to control. Therefore, based on the results of this project to modulate alternate bearing, winter and spring spraying of urea recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternate bearing index
  • citrus
  • growth stage
  • nitrogen‎
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