علوم باغبانی ایران

علوم باغبانی ایران

مطالعه اثر ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار بر رشد، عملکرد وکارایی مصرف آب بادنجان ‏‏(‏Solanum melongena L.‎‏) در شرایط مزرعه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
محسن ابراهیمی 1
محمد کاظم سوری 2
امیر موسوی 3
نوازاله صاحبانی 4
1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی و صنایع غذایی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست‌فناوری، تهران، ایران
4 دانشیار، پردیس ابوریحان، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
10.22059/ijhs.2020.312287.1861
چکیده
به منظور بررسی تأثیر ورمی‌کمپوست و دو نوع بیوچار (بیوچار خرما و پسته) بر عملکرد و کارایی مصرف آب بادنجان در شرایط مزرعه. آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. عامل اول ورمی‌کمپوست در دو سطح (صفر، 1500 گرم در مترمربع) و عامل دوم بیوچار در سه سطح (صفر، 500 گرم بیوچار خرما و 500 گرم بیوچار پسته در متر مربع) بود. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی و ریشه در ترکیب تیماری کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار خرما به‌دست آمد. بیشترین مقدار کلروفیل a و b مربوط به تیمار کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد اثر بیوچار و اثر متقابل ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار بر تعداد میوه در بوته معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین تعداد میوه در بوته (۶۳/۱۳) در تیمار کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار خرما به‌دست آمد. کاربرد ورمی‌کمپوست باعث دست یابی به بیشترین وزن متوسط میوه شد. بیشترین عملکرد کل (۷۲۳۳ گرم در بوته) و کارایی مصرف آب (۱۶/۱۱ کیلوگرم بر متر مکعب) در ترکیب تیماری مصرف ورمی‌کمپوست و بیوچار خرما مشاهده شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
بیوچار پسته
بیوچار خرما
تعداد میوه در بوته
متوسط وزن میوه
وزن تر اندام هوایی

عنوان مقاله English

Study effect of vermicompost and biochar on growth, yield and water use efficiency ‎of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) in field condition

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Ebrahimi 1
Mohammad Kazem Souri 2
Amir Mousavi Mousavi 3
Navazolah Sahebani 4
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Industries, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
4 Associate Professor, University College of Aboureihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

In order to investigate effect of two kinds of biochars (date palm and pistachio biochars) on yield and water use efficiency of eggplant in field condition a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications was carried out. The first factor was vermicompost in two levels (0 and 1500 g/m2) and the second factor was biochar in three levels (0, 500 g /m2 date palm and 500 g/m2 pistachio biochar). Results showed that the highest fresh and dry weight of aerial and root was obtained in the combination treatment of vermicompost and date palm biochar. The highest amount of chlorophyle a and b belonged to vermicompost treatment. The effect of biochar and interaction effect of vermicompost and biochar on fruit number per plant was significant. The highest fruit number per plant was obtained in application of vermicompost and date palm biochar. Application of vermicompost lead to the highest mean fruit weight. The highest total yield (7233 g/ plant) and water use efficiency (11.16 kg/m3) was observed in combination treatment of vermicompost and date palm biochar.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Arial fresh weight
date palm biochar
fruit number per plant
fruit mean wieght
pistachio biochar
  1. Abeer, H., Abdallah, E. F., Alqarawi, A. A. & Dilfuza, E. (2015). Bioremediation of adverse impact of cadmium toxicity on Cassia italica Mill by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 23, 39-47.
  2. Akhtar, S. S., Li, G., Andersen, M. N. & Liu, F. (2014). Biochar enhances yield and quality of tomato under reduced irrigation. Agricultural Water Management, 138, 37-44.
  3. Akhtar, S. S., Andersen, M. N. & Liu, F. (2015). Residual effects of biochar on improving growth, physiology and yield of wheat under salt stress. Agricultural Water Management, 158, 61-68.
  4. Altland, J. E & Locke, J. C. (2013). Effect of biochar type on macronutrient retention and release from soilless substrate. HortScience, 48, 1397-1402.
  5. Bagheri, S., Hassandokht, M. R., Mirsoleimani, A. & Mousavi, A. (2020a). Effect of palm leaf biochar on melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) under drought stress conditions. Advances in Horticultural Science, 33(4), 1-5.
  6. Bagheri, S., Hassandokht, M. R., Mirsoleimani, A. & Mousavi, A. (2020b). Efects of palm leaf biochar on the availability of soil nutrients, leaf nutrient concentration, and physiological characteristics of melon plants (Cucumis melo L.) under drought stress. Acta Agrobotanica, 73 (1), 1-12.
  7. Beesley, L., Jimenez, E. M., Jose, L., Eyles, G., Harris, E., Robinson, B. & Sizmur, T. (2011). A review of biochars potential role in the remediation. revegetation and restoration of contaminated soils. Environmental Pollution, 159, 3269-3282.
  8. Basso, A.S., Miguez, F.E., Laird, D.A., Horton, R. & Westgate, M. (2013). Assessing potential of biochar for increasing water‐holding capacity of sandy soils. Global Change Biology Bioenergy, 5, 132-143.
  9. Carter, S., Shackley, S., Sohi, S., Suy, T. & Haefele, S. (2013). The impact of biochar application on soil properties and plant growth of pot grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cabbage (Brassica chinensis). Agronomy, 3, 404-418.
  10. Chan, K.Y., Zwieten, L.V., Meszaros, I., Downie, A. & Joseph, S. (2008). Using poultry litter biochars as soil amendments. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 46, 437-444.
  11. Hall, G., Woodborne, S. & Scholes, M. (2008). Stable carbon isotope ratios from archaeological charcoal as palaeoenvironmental indicators. Chemical Geology, 247(3): 384- 400.
  12. Hassandokht, M.R. (2012). Technology of vegetable production. Selseleh Publication, Qom, Iran. (in Farsi)
  13. Keabetswe, L., Shao, C. C., Cui, J., Lu, J. & Stimela, T. (2019). Combination of biochar and regulated deficit irrigation improves tomato fruit quality: A comprehensive quality analysis. Folia Horticulturae, 31(1). DOI: 10.2478/fhort-2019-0013.
  14. Kammann, C. I., Linsel, S., Gobling, J. W. & Koyro, H. W. (2011). Influence of biochar on drought tolerance of Chenopodium quinoa and on soil–plant relations. Plant and Soil, 345, 195-210.
  15. Keiluweit, M. (2010). Dynamic molecular structure of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar). Environmental Science and Technology, 44(4),1247-53.
  16. Kharea, P., Dilshada, U., Routb, P. K., Yadava, V. & Jaina, S. (2013). Plant refuses driven biochar: Application as metal adsorbent from acidic solutions. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 226, 1-10.
  17. Kumar, S., Masto, R. E., Ram, L. C., Sarkar, P., George, J. & Selvi, A. V. (2013). Biochar preparation from Parthenium hysterophorus and its potential use in soil application. Ecology Engeenering, 55, 67-72.
  18. Li, C., Xiong, Y., Qu, Z., Xu, X., Huang, Q. & Huang, G. (2018). Impact of biochar addition on soil properties and water-fertilizer productivity of tomato in semi-arid region of Inner Mongolia, China. Geoderma, 331, 100-108.
  19. Lehmann, J. & Joseph, S. (2009). Biochar for environmental management. Science Technology Earthscan, London and Sterling, VA USA.
  20. Nazarideljou, M.J. & Heidari, Z. (2014). Effects of vermicompost on growth parameters, water use efficiency and quality of zinnia bedding plants (Zinnia elegance ‘Dreamland Red’) under different irrigation regimes. International Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 1(2), 141-150.
  21. Nigussie, A., Kissi, E., Misganaw, M. & Ambaw, G. (2012). Effect of biochar application on soil properties and nutrient uptake of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) grown in chromium polluted soils. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 12, 369-376.
  22. Palansooriya, K. N., Ok, Y. S., Awad, Y. M., Lee, S. S., Sung, J. K., Koutsospyros, A. & Moon, D. H. (2019). Impacts of biochar application on upland agriculture: A Review. Journal of Environmental Management, 234, 52-64.
  23. Rodrigues, J. G., Edvardo, P. M J., Forner, B. & Angeles, F. (2010). Citrus rootstock response to water stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 126, 95-102.
  24. Sohi, S., Capel, E. L., Evelyn, K. & Roland, B. (2009). Biochar, climate change and soil a review to guide future research. Newcastle University, 56 pp.
  25. Song, W. & Guo, M. )2012(. Quality variations of poultry litter biochar generated at different pyrolysis temperatures. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 94, 138-145.
  26. Spokas, K. A, Baker, J. M. & Reicosky, D. C. (2010). Ethylene: potential key for biochar amendment impacts. Plant and Soil, 333, 443-452.
  27. Sun, Z., Bruun, E.W., Arthur, E., De Jonge, L.W., Moldrup, P., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H. & Elsgaard, L. (2014). Effect of biochar on aerobic processes, enzyme activity, and crop yields in two sandy loam soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 50, 1087-1097.
  28. Van Zwieten, L., Kimber, S., Morris, S., Chan, K. Y., Downie, A., Rust, J. & Cowie, A. (2010). Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility. Plant and Soil, 327, 235-246.
  29. Zhang, A., Cui, L., Pan, G., Li, L., Hussain, Q., Zhang, X., Zheng, J. & D. Crowley (2010). Effect of biochar amendment on yield and methane and nitrous oxide emissions from a rice paddy from Tai Lake plain, China. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 139, 469-475.
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 52، شماره 1
بهار 1400
صفحه 23-33

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 مهر 1399
  • تاریخ بازنگری 02 آبان 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش 03 آبان 1399