اثر زمان و دفعات محلول‌پاشی قبل از برداشت اسپرمین و گاما آمینوبوتیریک اسید بر عمرگلجایی و ‏کیفیت گل‌های بریده ژربرا رقم "‏‎“Stanza‎

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

چکیده

به منظور حفظ کیفیت و افزایش عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه‌بریده ژربرا پس از برداشت، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت­های خردشده بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی در سال 1397 در گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه ایلام با چهار تکرار طراحی و اجرا گردید. تیمارهای آزمایش شامل محلول‌پاشی قبل از برداشت توسط تیمارهای اسپرمین دو میلی­­مولار و گاما آمینوبوتیریک اسید (گابا) یک میلی­مولار هر کدام به‌صورت دو مرحله محلول‌پاشی (زمان ظهور شاخه­ گل­دهنده و 7 روز پس از آن) و سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی (زمان ظهور شاخه گل­دهنده، 5 و 10 روز پس از آن) به‌عنوان کرت فرعی بودند که همراه با نمونه­های شاهد طی صفر، 3، 6 و 9 روز پس از برداشت به عنوان کرت اصلی آزمایش در دمای 1±22 درجه سانتی­گراد و رطوبت نسبی 65 تا70 درصد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای اسپرمین سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی، اسپرمین دو مرحله محلول‌پاشی، گابا سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی و گابا دو مرحله محلول‌پاشی به‌ترتیب بین 5/3 تا یک روز عمر گلجایی را نسبت به شاهد افزایش دادند و باعث حفظ کیفیت پس از برداشت گل‌ها شدند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در روز نهم بررسی بیشترین وزن تر، جذب محلول گلجایی، مواد جامد محلول، پروتئین، فنل و فلاونوئید کل، فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز (CAT)، گایاکل پراکسیداز (GPX)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) و فنیل‌آلانین آمونیالیاز (PAL) و همچنین کمترین نشت یونی، محتوای مالون‌دی‌آلدهید (MDA) و فعالیت آنزیم پلی­فنل اکسیداز (PPO) به‌ترتیب در تیمارهای فوق مشاهده گردید. بنابراین استفاده از تیمار اسپرمین در سه مرحله محلول‌پاشی به‌عنوان برترین تیمار و به‌عنوان برنامه­ای کاربردی در جهت افزایش عمر گلجایی گل‌های شاخه‌بریده ژربرا رقم "Stanza" توصیه می­گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of time and stage of preharvest spraying by spermine and γ-aminobutyric ‎acid on vase life and postharvest quality of "Stanza" cultivar of Gerbera cut flowers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Meysam Mohammadi 1
  • Mitra Aelaei 2
  • Mehdi Saidi 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to maintain the postharvest quality and vase life of the "Stanza" cultivar of gerbera cut flowers, an experiment was designed as split-plot for time based on a completely randomized design, with four replications, at 2018 in horticulture department of Ilam university. The treatments consisted of preharvest application of Spermine 2 mM and γ-Aminobutyric acid 2mM (GABA), as sub-plot, at two stages (2T) of spraying (the stage of emergence of flower branch and 10 days later) and three stages (3T) of spraying (the stage of emergence of flower branch, 7 and 10 days later) that investigated, as the main plot, at 0, 3, 6 and 9 days postharvest at 22±1 °C and relative humidity of 65 to 70%. The results showed that, respectively, spermine 3T, spermine 2T, GABA 3T and GABA 2T treatments increased vase life and maintaind postharvest quality of Gerbera cut flowers compared to the control. The results of the 9th day showed that the highest fresh weight, absorption of vase solution (VSU), soluble solids, protein, phenol and total flavonoid, activity of the catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), as well as the lowest ion leakage (EL), malondialdehyde MDA and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity respectively were observed in Spermine and GABA treatments, and in some of the studied traits, there was no significant difference between two and three stages of spraying. Therefore, the use of spermine 3T as the best treatment in present study is recommended as an application method to increase the vase life of "Stanza" cultivar of gerbera cut flowers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Foliar application
  • Gerbera
  • polyamine
  • vase life
  • γ-aminobutyric acid

مراجع

  1. Aghdam, M., Hassanpour Asil, M., Ghasem-Nezhad, M. & Mosavi, S.A.A. (2020). Effects of pre-harvest applications of different source of calcium on the quality of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii L.) flower in two cultivars of Intense and Rosaline. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 51(2), 329-344. (in Farsi)
  2. Alborz, Z., Habibi, F. & Mortazavi, S. N. (2015). Effect of putrescine and spermine spraying on increasing vase life of Alstroemeria (cv. ‘Sukari’). Journal of Agriculture Management, 17(1), 241-255. (in Farsi)
  3. Apel, K. & Hirt, H. (2004). Reactive oxygen species: Metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 55, 373-399.
  4. Ataii, D., Naderi, R. & Khandan-Mirkohi, A. (2015). Exogenous putrescine delays senescence of Lisianthus cut flowers. Journal of Ornamental Plant, 5, 167-174. (in Farsi)
  5. Bates, L., Waldren, R.P. & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  6. Bharti, A.K. & Khurana, J.P. (1997). Mutant of Arabidopsis as tools to understand the regulation of phenyl propanoids pathway and UV-B protection mechanism. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, 65(1), 765-776.
  7. Chanjirakul, K., Shiowm U.Y., Chienm Y.W. & Siriphanich, J. (2008). Effect of natural volatile compounds on antioxidant capacity and antioxidant enzymes in raspberries. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 40, 106-115.
  8. Crisosto, C.H., Micham, E.J. & Kader, A.A. (2007). Pomegranate: Recommendation for maintaining postharvest quality. Department of Plant Sciences. University of California.1-4 Pp.
  9. Danaee, E., Naderi, R., Kalatejari, S. & LadanMoghadam, A.R. (2013). Evaluation the effect of nanosilver with salicylic acid and benzyladenine on longevity of Gerbera flowers. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences Research, 3(8), 682-690. (in Farsi)
  10. Dantuluri, V.S.R., Misra, R.L. & Singh, V.P. (2008). Effect of polyamines on postharvest life of gladiolus spikes. Journal of Ornamental Horticulture, 11(1), 66-68.
  11. Galston, A.W. & Kaur-Sawhney, R. (1990). Polyamines in plant physiology. Plant Physiology, 94, 406-410.
  12. Ghasemzadeh, A., Jaafar, H.Z. & Rahmat, A. (2010). Antioxidant activities, total henolics and flavonoids content in two varieties of Malaysia young ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Molecules, 15(6), 4324-33.
  13. Halevy, A.H. & Mayak, S. (1981). Senescence and postharvest physiology of cut flower. Horticuture Reviw, 3, 59-146.
  14. He, S., Joyce, D.C., Irving, D.E. & Faragher, J.D. (2006). Stem end blockage in cut Grevillea ‘Crimson Yul-lo’ inflorescences. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41, 78-84.
  15. Jayaprakasha, G.K., Negi, P.S., Jena, B.S. & Rao, L.J.M. (2007). Antioxidant and antimutagenic activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum fruit extracts. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20, 330-336.
  16. Kakkar, R.K. & Sawhney, V.K. (2003). Polyamine research in plants a changing perspective. Physiolgia Plantarium, 116, 281-292.
  17. Kamyab, F. (2016). Effect of different polyamines on vase life, ethylene production and some physiological characteristics of Red Corsa cultivar of carnation flower. Agricultural Crop Management,18(2), 275-288. (in Farsi)
  18. Khan, A.S., Singh, Z., Abbasi, N.A. & Swinny, E.E. (2008). Pre or postharvest application of putrescine and low temperature storage affect fruit ripening and quality of Agelino plum. Science of Food and Agriculture, 88, 1687-1695.
  19. Kharrazi, M., Bagheri, A.R. & Tehranifar, A. (2017). Approaches to deal with the reduction of cut flowers quality caused by senescence. National Institute Ornamental Plants Journal, 2(1), 52-69. (in Farsi)
  20. Kinnersley, A.M. & Turano, F.J. (2000). Gamma aminobutyric Acid (GABA) and plant responses to stress. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 19, 479-509.
  21. Kopyra, M. & Gwozdz, E.A. (2003). Nitric oxide stimulates seed germination and counteracts the inhibitory effect of heavy metals and salinity on root growth of Lupinus luteus. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 41, 1011-1017.
  22. Koushesh Saba, M. & Nazari, F. (2017). Vase life of gerbera cut flower cv. Pink Power affected by different treatments of plant essential oils and silver nanoparticles. Journal of Plant Production Research, 24(2), 43-59. (in Farsi)
  23. Krishnan, S., Laskowski, K., Shukla, V. & Merewitz, E.B. (2013). Mitigation of drought stress damage by exogenous application of a non-protein amino acid γ-aminobutyric acid on perennial ryegrass. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 138(5), 358-366.
  24. Lee, M.M., Lee, S.H. & Parkb, K.Y. (1997). Effects of spermine on ethylene biosynthesis in cut carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) flowers during senescence. Journal of Plant Physiology, 151(1), 68-73.
  25. Mahros, K.M., El-Saady, M.B., Mahgoub, M.H., Afaf, M.H. & Abd El-Sayed, M.I. (2011). Effect of putrescine and uniconazole treatments on flower characters and photosynthetic pigments of Chrysanthemum indicum L. plant. Journal of American Science, 7(3), 399-408.
  26. Marie, O. (1995). Alteration in lipid composition and antioxidative protection during senescence in drought stressed plants and non-drought stressed plants of Pisum sativum. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 33, 547-53.
  27. Marschner, H. (1995). Mineral nutrition of higher plants. 2nd Ed., Academic Press, London.
  28. Martinez-Tellez, M.A., Ramos-Clamont, M.G. & Gardea, A.A. (2002). Effect of infiltrated polyamines on polygalacturonase activity and chilling injury responses in zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 295, 98-1010.
  29. Michalak, A. (2006). Phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in plants growing under heavy metal stress. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 15(4), 523- 530.
  30. Mirzaei-Mashhoud, M., Aelaei, M. & Mortazavi, S.N. (2016). γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment improved postharvest indices and vase-life of ‘Red Naomi’ rosecut flowers. Acta Horticulturae, 1131(5), 33-40.
  31. Nazarideljou, M.J., Khalighi, A., Arab, M., KaramiaN, R. & Jaberian Hameda, H. (2015). Effect of postharvest pulse treatment of salicylic acid on phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity (PAL), lignin formation and stem bending disorder of gerbera cut flowers. Iranian Journal of horticultural Sciences, 46(2), 279-290. (in Farsi).
  32. Palagani, N. & Singh, A. (2017). Influence of postharvest application of chemicals on postharvest physiology and vase life of gerbera var. Alcatraz. International Journal of Chemistry Studies, 5(6), 413-416.
  33. Pandey, S., Ranade, S., Nagar, P. & Kumar, N. (2000). Role of polyamines and ethylene as modulators of plant senescence. Journal of Biosciences, 25, 291-299.
  34. Perez-Amador, M.A., Carbonell, J., Navarro, J.L., Moritz, T., Beale, M.H., Lewis, M.J. & Hedden, P. (1996). N4-Hexanoylspermidine, a new polyamine-related compound that accumulates during ovary and petal senescence in pea. Plant Physiology, 110, 1177-1186.
  35. Piotrowska, A. (2011). Phytohormones as regulator of heavy metal biosorption in green algae Chlorella vulgaris. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 52, 52-56.
  36. Reid, M.S. (2004). Prouduce facts alstromeria, peruvian lily. Postharvest Technology and Information Center, 424, 137-144.
  37. Rubinowska, K., Pogroszewska, E. & Michałek, W. (2012). The effect of polyamines on physiological parameters of post-harvest quality of cut stems of Rosa ‘Red Berlin’. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus, 11(6), 74-81.
  38. Sadeghi Faragheh, j., Frahmand, H., Nasibi, F. & Hosaeini Torbati, F. (2016). Effect of exogenous nitric oxide application on physiological and antioxidant responses and scape bending reduction in Gerbera cut flower. Journal of Horticulture Science and Technology, 17 (2), 103-208. (in Farsi)
  39. Sakihama, Y., Cohen, M. F., Grace, S. C. & Yamasaki, H. (2002). Plant phenolics antioxidant and pro oxidant activity: Phenolics-induced oxidative damage mediated by metal in plants. Toxicology, 177, 67-80.
  40. Shabanian, S., Nasr Esfahani, M., Karamian, R. & Lam-Son Phan, T. (2018). Physiological and biochemical modifications by postharvest treatment with sodium nitroprusside extend vase life of cut flowers of two gerbera cultivars. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 137, 1-8.
  41. Shelp, B.J., Bown, A.W. & McLean, M.D. (1999). Metabolism and functions of gamma-aminobutyric acid. Trends in Plant Science, 4(11), 446-452.
  42. Simoes, A.N., Diniz, N.B., Vieira, M., Ferreira-Silva, S.L., Bartira-da-Silva, M., Minatel, I.O. & Pace Pereira Lima, G. (2018). Impact of GA3 and spermine on postharvest quality of anthurium cut flower (Anthurium andraeanum) cv. Arizona. Scientia Horticulturae, 24, 178-186.
  43. Sivaprakasam, G., Singh, V. & Arora, A. (2009). Physiological and molecular analysis of effect of spermine on senescing petals of gladiolus. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 14(4), 384-391.
  44. Sofo, A., Dichio, B., Xiloyannis, C. & Masia, A. (2004). Effects of different irradiance levels on some antioxidant enzymes and on malondealdehyde content during rewatering in olive tree. Plant Sciences, 166(2), 293-302.
  45. Soleimani-Aghdam, M., Naderi, R., Malekzadeh, P. & Jannatizadeh, A. (2016). Contribution of GABA shunt to chilling tolerance in anthurium cut flowers in response to postharvest salicylic acid treatment. Scientia Horticulturae, 205, 90-96.
  46. Tanazad, M., Sharifi-Sirchi, Gh. R., Mirzaalian-Dastjerdi, A.M. & Yousefzadi, M. (2016). Improvment of stability traits and enzyme activity in Diana carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) cut flower in preservative solutions. Journal of Plant Researches, 29(1), 23-53. (in Farsi)
  47. Tassoni, A. (1998). Characterization of spermidine binding to solubilized plasma membrane. Plant Physiology, 117, 971-977.
  48. Tepe, B., Sokmen, M., Akpulat, H.A. & Sokmen, A. (2006). Screening of the antioxidant potentials of six Salvia species from Turkey. Food Chemistry, 95, 200-204.
  49. Tunc-Ozdemir, M., Miller, G., Song, L., Kim, J., Sodek, A., Koussevitzky, Sh., Narayan Misra, A., Mittler, R. & Shintani, D. (2009) Thiamin confers enhanced tolerance to oxidative stress in Arabidipsis. Plant Physiology, 151, 421-432.
  50. Valero, D., Martinez-Romero, D., Serrano, M. & Riquelme, F. (1998). Influence of postharvest treatment with putrescine and calcium on endogenous polyamine, firmness, and abscisic acid in lemon (Citrus lemon L.) cv. Verna. Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 46, 2102- 2106.
  51. Vanholme, R., Demedts, B., Morreel, K., Ralph, J. & Boerjan, W. (2010). Lignin biosynthesis and structure. Plant Physiology, 153, 895-905.
  52. Wang, Y., Luo, Z. & Huang, H. (2014). Effect of exogenouse γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) treatment on chiling injury and antioxidant capacity in banana peel. Scientia Horticulturae, 5(2), 198-207.
  53. Yang, C.W., He, S.G., Jiang, Y.M. & Yi, S. (2000). Effects of polyamines on biochemical and physiological changes and vase life of cut rose (Rosa chinensis. cv. Bellamie) flowers during senescence. Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany, 8(2), 104-108.
  54. Yin, C., Wang, X., Duan, B., Luo, J. & Li, C. (2005). Early growth, dry matter allocation and water use efficiency of two sympatric Populus species as affected by water stress. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 53(3), 315-322.
  55. Zarei, L., Koushesh Saba, M., Vafaee, Y. & Javadi, T. (2018). Effect of gamma-amino-butyric acid foliar application on physiological characters of tomato (cv. Namib) under salinity stress.  Journal of Plant Production, 41(1), 15-28. (in Farsi)
  56. Zhishen, J., Mengcheng, T. & Jianming, W. (1999). The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chemistry, 64(4), 555-559.
علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 4
اسفند 1399
صفحه 753-771

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 07 اسفند 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 26 فروردین 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اردیبهشت 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار