مطالعه رشد و عملکرد خیار گلخانه‌ای تحت تأثیر هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی و تعداد گل در ‏گره

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

4 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

چکیده

علاوه بر فراهمی مواد غذایی در محیط ریشه، میزان مواد فتوسنتزی در دسترس ریشه به‌عنوان تأمین کننده اسکلت کربنی و انرژی، نیز بر میزان جذب عناصر غذایی، رشد و عملکرد گیاهان تأثیرگذار می‌باشد. هر عاملی که سبب تغییر دسترسی به عناصر غذایی یا تغییر الگوی توزیع مواد فتوسنتزی گردد می­تواند بر فرایند جذب و رشد نیز تأثیرگذار باشد. در این پژوهش اثر تعداد گل و غلظت محلول غذایی بر رشد و عملکرد خیار گلخانه‌ای در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. تیمارها شامل سه سطح گل در گره (نگهداری یک، دو یا سه گل در هر گره) و 5 سطح هدایت الکتریکی محلول غذایی (ECهای 1/1، 5/1، 15/2، 78/2 و 32/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد که گیاهان تیمار شده با ECهای 15/2 علاوه بر رشد شاخساره از لحاظ میزان نیتروژن و فسفر برگی نیز مقادیر بیشتری داشتند و بیشترین عملکرد نیز در گیاهان تیمار شده با ECهای 5/1 و 15/2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر مشاهده شد. با افزایش تعداد گل در گره عملکرد گیاهان در کوتاه‌مدت (80 روز بعد از انتقال نشا) افزایش نشان داد، اما با افزایش دوره پرورش (130 روز بعد از انتقال نشا) بین تیمار­های مورد بررسی اختلاف معنی­داری در عملکرد مشاهده نشد. افزایش تعداد گل در گره در کوتاه‌مدت، موجب تخصیص بیشتر مواد فتوسنتزی به میوه‌ها شد ولی احتمالاً به علت پتانسیل کم منابع (sources) در دراز مدت، این اثر افزایش تعداد گل بر عملکرد به‌صورت فیزیولوژیکی مورد تعدیل قرار گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Growth and yield of greenhouse cucumber as influenced by nutrient solution EC and ‎number of flowers per node ‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Heydari 1
  • Mojtaba Delshad 2
  • Mesbah Babalar 3
  • Reza Salehi 4
1 Ph.D. Candidate, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of ‎Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor,, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran
3 Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

The nutrient uptake, growth and yield of plants depend on nutrients availability in rhizosphere and also on amount of assimilates available in root as carbon skeleton and energy source. Any factor affecting nutrients availability or assimilate partitioning pattern can also affect uptake phenomenon and growth. In this study, the effects of number of flowers per node and nutrient solution concentration on growth pattern and yield of greenhouse cucumber plants were studied using a factorial experiment based on complete randomized block design. Factors consisted of: three levels of number of flowers per node (keeping one, two or three flowers per node) and 5 levels of electrical conductivity of nutrient solution (EC of 1.1, 1.5, 2.15, 2.78 and 3.32 dS/m). Results showed in addition to shoot growth, plants treated with 2.15 EC had higher nitrogen and phosphorous content. The highest yield was observed in plants treated with EC of 1.5 and 2.15 dS/m. Increasing number of flowers per node resulted in increasing in fruit yield in short term (80 days after transplanting) but, no significant differences were observed among treatments when the experiment proceeded (130 day after transplanting). Increase in number of flowers per node led to more allocation of assimilates to fruits, but probably due to low potential of sources this effect of number of flowers on yield has been physiologically controlled.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Electrical conductivity
  • fruit abortion
  • harvest index
  • sink and source
  1. Ache, P., Becker, D., Deeken, R., Dreyer, I., Weber, H., Fromm, J. & Hedrich, R. (2001). VFK1, a Vicia faba K+ channel involved in phloem unloading. The Plant Journal, 27(6), 571-580.
  2. Benton, J. (2001). Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. CRC
    Press. New York. 384p.
  3. Blanco, A., Pequerul, A., Val, J., Monge E. & Gomez Aparisi, J. (1995). Crop-load effects on vegetative growth, mineral nutrient concentration and leaf water potential in ‘Catherine’ peach, Journal of Horticultural Science, 70:4, 623-629
  4. Choi, S.T. & Kang, S.M. (2007). Effects of defoliation and defruiting in early September on partitioning of nonstructural carbohydrates in ‘Fuyu’ persimmon at harvest. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 48, 359-364.
  5. Choi, S. T., Kim, S. C., Ahn, G. H., Park, D. S. & Kim, E. S. (2016). Effects of different leaf-fruit ratios on uptake and partitioning of N and K in 'Uenishiwase' persimmon trees. Scientia Horticulturae, 212, 69-73.‏
  6. Giuffrida, F., Heuvelink, E. & Stanghellini, C. (2007). Effects of root-zone nutrient concentration on cucumber grown in rockwool. Acta Horticulturae, 801, 1055-1063.‏
  7. Kläring, H.-P., Hauschild, I. & Heiβner, A. (2014). Fruit removal increases root-zone respiration in cucumber. Annals of Botany, 114, 1735-1745.
  8. Jadeja, S. & Tenhumberg, B. (2018). Presence of fruits decreases probability of retaining flowers in a sequentially flowering plant. AoB Plants, 10(3), ply033.‏
  9. Lejay, L., Gansel, X., Cerezo, M., Tillard, P., Müller, C., Krapp, A. & Gojon, A. (2003). Regulation of root ion transporters by photosynthesis: functional importance and relation with hexokinase. The Plant Cell, 15(9), 2218-2232.
  10. Lejay, L., Wirth, J., Pervent, M., Cross, J. M. F., Tillard, P. & Gojon, A. (2008). Oxidative pentose phosphate pathway-dependent sugar sensing as a mechanism for regulation of root ion transporters by photosynthesis. Plant Physiology, 146(4), 2036-2053.
  11. Lenz, F. (2009). Fruit effects on the dry matter- and carbohydrate distribution in apple
    tree. Acta Horticulturae, 835, 21-38.
  12. Li, T., Heuvelink, E. & Marcelis, L. F. (2015). Quantifying the source–sink balance and carbohydrate content in three tomato cultivars. Frontiers in Plant Science, 6, 416-426.
  13. Madadkhah, E., Bolandnazar, S. & Shahin, O. (2018). Effect of salt stress on growth, antioxidant enzymes activity, lipid peroxidation and photosystem II efficiency in cucumber grafted on cucurbit rootstock. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 49 (2), 465-475. (in Farsi)
  14. Marcelis, L. F. (1992). The dynamics of growth and dry matter distribution in cucumber. Annals of Botany, 69, 487-492.
  15. Marcelis, L. F. (1993). Fruit growth and biomass allocation to the fruits in cucumber. 1. Effect of fruit load and temperature. Scientia Horticulturae, 54, 107-121.
  16. Marcelis, L. F. (1996). Sink strength as a determinant of dry matter partitioning in the whole plant. Journal of Experimental Botany, 47, 1281-1291.
  17. Marcelis, L. F. M., Heuvelink, E., Baan Hofman-Eijer, L. R. Den Bakker J. & Xue, L. B. (2004). Flower and fruit abortion in sweet pepper in relation to source and sink strength. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55, 2261-2268.‏
  18. Mardanluo, S., Souri, M.K. & Ahmadi, M. (2018). Plant growth and fruit quality of two pepper cultivars under different potassium levels of nutrient solutions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(12), 1604-1614.
  19. Papadopoulos, A.P. (1994). Growing greenhouse seedless cucumbers in soil and in soilless media. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada publication, 126p.
  20. Papadopoulos, A. P. (2001). Computerized fertigation for cucumber production in soil and in soilless media. Acta Horticulturae, 548, 115-124.‏
  21. Park, S.J., (2002). Changes of inorganic elements in senescing Fuyu leaves at two locations differing the time of abscission. Korean Journal of Horticultural Science and Technology, 20, 106-109.
  22. Pourranjbari Saghaiesh, S., Souri, M.K. & Moghaddam, M. (2019). Characterization of nutrients uptake and enzymes activity in Khatouni melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus) seedlings under different concentrations of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus of nutrient solution. Journal of Plant Nutrition, pp.1-8.
  23. Ramezan, D., Moradipour, M. & Zahedi, B. (2017). Tomato growth of queen cultivar grafted on different rootstocks under salinity conditions. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 48(4), 991-999. (in Farsi)
  24. Schwarz, D., Kläring, H.P., Iersel, M.W.van. & Ingram, K.T. (2002). Growth and photosynthetic response of tomato to nutrient solution concentration at two light levels. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 127(6), 984-990.
  25. Souri, M.K. and Hatamian, M. (2019). Aminochelates in plant nutrition; a review. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 42(1), 67-78.
  26. Souri, M.K., Sooraki, F.Y. & Moghadamyar, M. (2017). Growth and quality of cucumber, tomato, and green bean under foliar and soil applications of an aminochelate fertilizer. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology, 58(6), 530-536.
  27. Tanaka, K., Aoki, M., Kinbara, T., Tsuda, K. & Kawabuchi, A. (1976). Studies on the absorption of essential nutrient elements by kaki (Diospyros kaki L.) in water culture. Research Bulletin of the Aichi ken Agricultural Research Center, 8, 74-84.
  28. Tohidloo, G., Souri, M.K. & Eskandarpour, S. (2018). Growth and fruit biochemical characteristics of three strawberry genotypes under different potassium concentrations of nutrient solution, Open Agriculture, 3, 356-362.
  29. Trejo-Téllez, L. I. & Gómez-Merino, F. C. (2012). Nutrient solutions for hydroponic systems. In Hydroponics-A Standard Methodology for Plant Biological Researches. InTech.
  30. Van Meeteren, U. & Van Gelder, H. (1995). Role of flower buds in flower bud abscission in Hibiscus. Acta Horticulturae, 405, 284-289.
  31. Wubs, A. M., Ma, Y., Hemerik, L. & Heuvelink, E. (2009). Fruit set and yield patterns in six Capsicum cultivars. Journal of Horticultural Science, 44, 1296-1301.