اثر کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی و شیمیایی بر صفات کمی وکیفی بالنگوی شهری ‏‏(‏Lallemantia iberica‏) در شرایط دیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اگرواکولوژی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی اثرات کاربرد تلفیقی قارچ مایکوریزا و کودهای شیمیایی مرسوم بر صفات کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی بالنگو (Lallemantia iberica)، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 7 تیمار و 3 تکرار در مزرعه‌ی تحقیقاتی دانشگاه مراغه در سال 1395 اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل 100 درصد کود شیمیایی NPK (CF)، قارچ Gm (Glomus mosseae)، قارچ Gi (Glomus intraradices)، Gm+Gi،50% CF + Gm، 50% CF+ Gi، 50% CF+ Gm+ Gi بودند. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین (83/71) و کمترین (47/54) شاخص کلروفیل به‌ترتیب با کاربرد تلفیقی 50% CF+ Gm+ Gi و کاربرد جداگانه Gi مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین تعداد شاخه‌ جانبی به تیمارهای 50% CF+Gm +  Gi، 50% CF+ Gmو Gmمربوط بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه (8/802 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، تعداد چرخه گل در بوته (6/63)، تعداد دانه در بوته (3/519)، تعداد دانه در ساقه اصلی (2/149)، تعداد دانه در چرخه گل (18)، وزن دانه در بوته (75/3 گرم)، وزن هزاردانه (7/4 گرم) و بیشترین وزن خشک کل (3/426 گرم در متر مربع) با کاربرد تلفیقی 50% CF+ Gm+ Gi به‌دست آمد. در ضمن بیشترین میزان (51/0) و عملکرد اسانس (2/2 گرم در متر مربع) با کاربرد تلفیقی 50% CF+Gm+Gi مشاهده شد. آنالیز GC-FID و GC-MS اسانس نشان داد که ترکیبات لینالول، منتون، ژرانیول، منتیل استات، ژرانیول استات، والنسن و کاریوفیلن اکساید جزء ترکیب‌های غالب اسانس بالنگو بودند. به‌طور کلی، کاربرد تلفیقی 50 درصد کود شیمیایی به همراه قارچ‌های مایکوریزا علاوه بر کاهش مصرف کودهای شیمیایی به بهبود کمیت و کیفیت اسانس بالنگو منجر گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of integrated application of biological and chemical fertilizers on the quality ‎and quantity traits of dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica) under rainfed condition‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Serveh Saadi Moghaddam 1
  • Abdollah Javanmard 2
  • Mohammad Reza Morshedloo 3
  • Mojtaba Nouraein 3
1 M.Sc. Student of Agroecology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the integrative application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and chemical fertilizers on the quality and quantity traits of Dragon's head (Lallemantia iberica), a field experiment was carried out as a randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with eight treatments and three replications at the faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh during 2016 growing season. Treatments were included 100% chemical fertilizer (CF), Glomus mosseae (GM), Glomus intraradices (GI), GM+GI, 50% CF+GM, 50% CF+GI and 50% CF+GM+GI. The results demonstrated that the highest (71.83) and the lowest (54.47) chlorophyll index was achieved in the 50% CF+GM+GI and individual application of GI. In addition, the highest number of lateral branches was related to application of 50% CF+GM+GI, 50% CF+GM and GI. Furthermore, the highest grain yield (802.8 Kg ha-1), number of flower cycles per plant (63.6), number of seed per plant (519.3), number of seeds in the main stem (149.2), number of seeds per flower cycle (18), seed weight per plant (3.75 g), the grain-1000 weight (4.75 g) and total dry weight (426.3 g m-2) were achieved in the integrative application of 50% CF+GM+GI. By the way, the highest of EO content (0.5%) and EO yield (2.2 g m-2) were observed with application of 50% CF+GM+GI. The analysis of GC-FID and GC-MS showed that the linalool,menthone,geranial,menthyl acetate,geranyl acetate,valencene andcaryophyllene oxide were the major essential oil compounds. Generally, integrative application of 50% CF+GM+GI could improve the quality and quantity traits of dragon's head.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Essential oil content
  • essential oil yield
  • Glomus mosseae
  • grain yield
  • menthone

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 51، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 459-477

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 18 دی 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 11 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 28 اردیبهشت 1398

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