شاخص‌های عملکردی و کیفی نارنگی ‌انشو میاگاوا روی شش پایه‌ در شرق مازندران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار بخش تحقیقات گیاهان زراعی و باغی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی مازندران، سازمان تحقیقات، ‏آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ساری، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش، تأثیر شش پایه سوینگل‌سیتروملو، ترویرسیترنج، کاریزوسیترنج، سیترنج C-35، اسموت‌فلت‌سویل و گوتو بر صفات زایشی نارنگی انشوی میاگاوا طی پنج سال (1396-1392) بررسی شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 96 اصله درخت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که درختان روی پایه سوینگل‌سیتروملو، در شروع فاز باردهی (1392 و 1393)، با اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری، پرمحصول‌تر از سایر پایه‌ها بودند (به‌ترتیب 58 و 45 کیلوگرم در درخت). بیشترین عملکرد متوسط سالانه (52 کیلوگرم در درخت)، بیشترین عملکرد تجمعی طی پنج سال (261 کیلوگرم در درخت) و کمترین شاخص تناوب‌باردهی (1/22 درصد) با اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری نسبت به سایر پایه‌ها، در پایه سیتروملو به‌دست آمد. تحمل به سرما در سیتروملو به دلیل حفظ گل و میوه و عملکرد نهایی بالا در سال بعد از یخبندان (1393) بیشتر از بقیه پایه‌ها بود. ‌عملکرد متوسط سالانه و تجمعی پنج سال میاگاوا در سیترنج‌های ترویر، کاریزو و C-35 و اسموت‌فلت‌سویل از نظر آماری مشابه بود. ولی راندمان عملکرد C-35، افزایش معنی‌داری نسبت به سایر پایه‌ها نشان داد  (72/6 کیلوگرم برمترمکعب حجم‌تاج). با اختلاف آماری معنی‌داری، میوه‌‌های روی سیتروملو، کروی‌تر (953/0) و پرآب‌‌تر (22/46 درصد)، میوه‌های کاریزوسیترنج پخ‌تر (939/0) و پوست نازک‌تر (21/2 میلی‌متر) و میوه‌های C-35 سنگین‌تر (2/150 گرم) و زودرس‌تر (شاخص‌برداشت: 21/11) از میوه‌های روی دیگر پایه‌ها بودند. پایه گوتو به‌طور معنی‌داری‌ باعث افزایش ضخامت پوست (83/2 میلی‌متر)، کاهش آب میوه (65/41 درصد) و دیررسی میوه (شاخص‌برداشت: 52/8) در مقایسه با پایه‌های دیگر شد. همچنین درختان پیوندی روی این پایه، بیشترین شاخص تناوب‌باردهی (4/42 درصد) را طی پنج سال داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Functional and qualitative indexes of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin on six rootstocks ‎in East of Mazandaran

نویسنده [English]

  • Negin Akhlaghi Amiri
Assistant professor of Horticulture‏ ‏Crops Research Department, , Mazandaran Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and ‎Education Center, AREEO, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, the effects of six citrus rootstocks: Swingle citromelo; Troyer citrange; Carizo citrange, C-35 citrange; Smooth flat sevill and Gou tou) on reproductive reactions of Miyagawa Satsuma mandarin was investigated during 5 years (2013-2017). Experiment was done in randomized complete block design with 96 trees. Results showed that trees on Swingle citromelo at the beginning of fruiting phase (2013 and 2014) was more productive (58 and 48 kg/tree respectively) than other rootstocks and they had the most annual mean yield (52 kg/tree), cumulative yield during 5 years (261 kg/tree) and minimum alternate bearing index (22.1%), statistically. Also, cold tolerance in this rootstock was more than others due to maintaining the flower and fruit and high final yield in the year after the frost (2014). Annual mean yield and cumulative yield during five years on Citranges (Troyer, Carizo and C-35) and Smooth flat sevill was statistically similar. But, the highest yield efficiency was obtained on C-35 (6.72 kg/m3). Fruits on Swingle citromelo, were more spherical (length/width: 0.953) and juicy (46.22%), on Carizo were more oblate (length/width: 0.939) and thinned peel (2.21 mm) and on C-35 were heavier (150.2 g) and more premature (harvest index: 11.21) than fruits on other rootstocks. Gou tou significantly increased the thickness of the peel (2.83 mm), reduced fruit juice (41.65%) and extended fruit ripening time (harvest index: 8.52). Also, trees on Gou tou had the highest alternate bearing index (42.4%) during five years.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alternate bearing
  • cumulative yield
  • harvest index
  • yield efficiency
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