تأثیر کادمیم و سرب بر صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک و شاخص‌های فتوسنتزی گیاه ریحان ‏(‏Ocimum basilicum L.‎‏)‏

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

2 استاد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر کادمیم و سرب بر صفات ریخت‌شناسی، فیزیولوژی و فتوسنتزی ریحان انجام شد. خاک مورد استفاده قبل از کشت، به‏‌‏مدت 2 ماه با استفاده از محلول‌های سرب (صفر، 100، 200 و 400 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) و کادمیم (صفر، 5، 10 و 20 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) آلوده گردید. نتایج نشان داد در تیمارهای کادمیم و سرب صفات مربوط به کیفیت و بازار‌پسندی ریحان شامل تعداد شاخه‌های فرعی، زمان به گل رفتن گیاه و قطر ساقه نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. با افزایش غلظت کادمیم از صفر تا 20 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، میزان کادمیم برگ ریحان از 71/0 به 06/3 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن خشک و با افزایش غلظت سرب از صفر تا 400 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک، میزان سرب برگ از 93/0 به 95/4 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن خشک افزایش یافت. تیمارهای کادمیم و سرب منجر به کاهش معنی‌دار شاخص کلروفیل (95/22 به 98/13)، مقدار کلروفیل a (755/0 به 333/0 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر)، مقدار کلروفیل b (330/0 به 125/0میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر) و میزان کاروتنوییدها (228/0 به 095/0 میلی‏‌‏گرم بر گرم وزن تر) شد. همچنین میزان عملکرد و کارایی فتوسیستم II (834/0 به 422/0) نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش یافت. با توجه به اینکه افزایش کادمیم و سرب برای سلامت انسان مضر و خطرات جدی به همراه دارد، لازم است از کشت سبزیجات در مناطق آلوده به فلزات سنگین مانند کادمیوم و سرب جلوگیری شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of cadmium and lead on morpho-physiological traits and Photosynthesis of ‎sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)‎

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bahman Fattahi 1
  • Kazem Arzani 2
  • Mohammad Kazem Souri 3
  • Mohsen Barzegar 2
1 Ph. D. Candidate, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TUM), Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TUM), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TUM), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The present research was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of different amounts of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the morpho- physiological and biochemical aspects of sweet basil. Pre-treatments of the soil with different concentrations of Cd and Pb was applied two months before starting the experiment in the greenhouse, and then seeds were sown in pots containing contaminated soil, under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that application of cadmium and lead have led to significant changes in morphological traits and reduction in physiological and quality traits including number of lateral shoots, flowering intensities and stem diameter. By increasing concentrations of Cd from 0 to 20 mg. kg-1 soils, the amount of basil cadmium from 0.71 to 3.6 mg. g-1DW and with increasing concentrations of Pb from 0 to 400mg. kg-1 soil, the amount of basil Pb from 0.93 to 4.95 mg. g-1DWwas increased. Different levels of both heavy metals have resulted in significant reduction of SPAD value (22.95 to 13.98) as well as in the amount of chlorophyll a (0.755 to 0.333 mg. g-1 FW) chlorophyll b (0.330 to 0.125 mg. g-1 FW) and carotenoids (0.228 to 0.095 mg.g-1 FW) and photosystem II in chloroplasts (0.834 to 0.422) decreased compared to control plants. According to the increase of Cd and Pb in the plants is harmful and associated with the serious human health, therefore preventing culturing vegetable crops in the heavy metal contaminated soils should be considered.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium
  • carotenoids
  • contaminated soils
  • chlorophyll
  • lead
  • photosystem II
  • stress

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علوم باغبانی ایران
دوره 50، شماره 4
اسفند 1398
صفحه 839-849

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 22 شهریور 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 12 آذر 1397
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 11 دی 1397

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