1دانشجوی سابق دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3دانشیار، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، رامسر، ایران
4استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 14 اسفند 1396،
تاریخ بازنگری: 30 خرداد 1397،
تاریخ پذیرش: 19 تیر 1397
چکیده
جهت ارزیابی فیزیولوژیک پاسخ به تنش شوری، برخی از دانهالهای مرکبات مهم موجود در کلکسیون مؤسسه تحقیقات مرکبات رامسر و داراب (28 ژنوتیپ) شامل ژنوتیپهای تجاری متحمل و حساس (کلئوپاترا ماندارین و ترویر سیترنج) در سه سطح، 0، 40 و 90 میلیمولار شوری بهصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه بررسی شدند. هشت ماه پس از جوانهزنی دانهالها، تیمارهای شوری بهمدت ۱۲ هفته اعمال شد. در این پژوهش صفات فیزیولوژیک از جمله مقدار کلروفیلهای a و b، تجمع پرولین، پراکسید شدن لیپیدها، فعالیت آنزیمهای سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز، میزان پروتئین کل و عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه صفات فیزیولوژی نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث کاهش در کلروفیلهای a و b، میزان پروتئین کل، عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم دو، فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در ژنوتیپهای مورد مطالعه شد. در این مطالعه محتوای پرولین، غلظت مالوندیآلدهید و همچنین میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز تحت تنش شوری افزایش یافتند. ژنوتیپهای G8، G44 (نارنج)، G19، G25 و G42 (اترج) در صفات متعدد، از جمله محتوای کلروفیل، میزان پراکسید شدن لیپیدها، محتوای پرولین و فعالیت آنزیمها در وضعیت بهتری قرار داشتند و به‌عنوان ژنوتیپهای برتر معرفی میشوند. ژنوتیپ G8 در بعضی از صفات، حتی از رقم کلئوپاترا نیز بهتر بود. می‌توان این ژنوتیپها را به‌عنوان متحمل یا نیمهمتحمل به شوری برای پژوهشهای بعدی و یا برای مقاصد کاربردی مورد توجه قرار داد.
1Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3Associate Professor, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Ramsar, Iran
4Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
In order to identify salinity tolerant genotypes, seedlings of tolerant and susceptible genotypes named ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Troyer’ citrange, and some screened citrus genotypes to salinity (sum of 28 genotypes) from Citrus Research Institutes of Ramsar and Darab were assessed. Three levels of sodium chloride including 0, 40 and 90 mM were applied on eight months seedlings for 12 weeks under greenhouse conditions in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Physiological traits including chlorophylls a and b, proline, lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, total protein and quantum yield of photosystem Π were studied. The results of physiological traits showed that salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b, total protein, quantum yield of photosystem II, ascorbate peroxidase activity and catalase activity in studied genotypes. In this study, proline content, malondialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase activity increased under salt stress. Genotypes G8, G44 (sour orange), G19, G25 and G42 (bergamot) in several traits including chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, proline content and enzymes activity were better than others. G8 genotype was better than salinity tolerant cultivar, ‘Cleopatra’, in some traits. Consequently, mentioned genotypes could be considered as tolerant or semi- tolerant genotypes for further research or practical purposes.
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