نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 دانشیار، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه‌گرمسیری، رامسر، ایران
4 استاد، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
چکیده
جهت ارزیابی فیزیولوژیک پاسخ به تنش شوری، برخی از دانهالهای مرکبات مهم موجود در کلکسیون مؤسسه تحقیقات مرکبات رامسر و داراب (28 ژنوتیپ) شامل ژنوتیپهای تجاری متحمل و حساس (کلئوپاترا ماندارین و ترویر سیترنج) در سه سطح، 0، 40 و 90 میلیمولار شوری بهصورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با سه تکرار در شرایط گلخانه بررسی شدند. هشت ماه پس از جوانهزنی دانهالها، تیمارهای شوری بهمدت ۱۲ هفته اعمال شد. در این پژوهش صفات فیزیولوژیک از جمله مقدار کلروفیلهای a و b، تجمع پرولین، پراکسید شدن لیپیدها، فعالیت آنزیمهای سوپراکسید دیسموتاز، آسکوربات پراکسیداز و کاتالاز، میزان پروتئین کل و عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم II مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از مطالعه صفات فیزیولوژی نشان داد که تنش شوری باعث کاهش در کلروفیلهای a و b، میزان پروتئین کل، عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم دو، فعالیت آنزیم آسکوربات پراکسیداز و فعالیت آنزیم کاتالاز در ژنوتیپهای مورد مطالعه شد. در این مطالعه محتوای پرولین، غلظت مالوندیآلدهید و همچنین میزان فعالیت آنزیم سوپراکسیددیسموتاز تحت تنش شوری افزایش یافتند. ژنوتیپهای G8، G44 (نارنج)، G19، G25 و G42 (اترج) در صفات متعدد، از جمله محتوای کلروفیل، میزان پراکسید شدن لیپیدها، محتوای پرولین و فعالیت آنزیمها در وضعیت بهتری قرار داشتند و به‌عنوان ژنوتیپهای برتر معرفی میشوند. ژنوتیپ G8 در بعضی از صفات، حتی از رقم کلئوپاترا نیز بهتر بود. می‌توان این ژنوتیپها را به‌عنوان متحمل یا نیمهمتحمل به شوری برای پژوهشهای بعدی و یا برای مقاصد کاربردی مورد توجه قرار داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Effect of salinity stress on some physiological traits of selected citrus seedlings and identification of tolerant genotypes
نویسندگان [English]
- Marzieh Etehadpour 1
- Reza Fatahi Moghadam 2
- Zabihollah Zamani 2
- Behrouz Golein 3
- MohammadReza Naghavi 4
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering - College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center, Ramsar, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
In order to identify salinity tolerant genotypes, seedlings of tolerant and susceptible genotypes named ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin and ‘Troyer’ citrange, and some screened citrus genotypes to salinity (sum of 28 genotypes) from Citrus Research Institutes of Ramsar and Darab were assessed. Three levels of sodium chloride including 0, 40 and 90 mM were applied on eight months seedlings for 12 weeks under greenhouse conditions in a factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications. Physiological traits including chlorophylls a and b, proline, lipid peroxidation, enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase, total protein and quantum yield of photosystem Π were studied. The results of physiological traits showed that salinity reduced the chlorophyll a and b, total protein, quantum yield of photosystem II, ascorbate peroxidase activity and catalase activity in studied genotypes. In this study, proline content, malondialdehyde concentration and superoxide dismutase activity increased under salt stress. Genotypes G8, G44 (sour orange), G19, G25 and G42 (bergamot) in several traits including chlorophyll content, lipid peroxidation, proline content and enzymes activity were better than others. G8 genotype was better than salinity tolerant cultivar, ‘Cleopatra’, in some traits. Consequently, mentioned genotypes could be considered as tolerant or semi- tolerant genotypes for further research or practical purposes.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Antioxidant Enzymes
- Chlorophyll
- ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin
- Malondialdehyde
- tolerant genotypes
- Aboutalebi, A., Tafazoli, E. & Kholdbarin, B. (2007). A study the effect of the rootstocks and salinity on the nitrate, proline and soluble protein levels in sweet lime leaf. Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(10), 3-10. (in Farsi)
- Alva, A. K. & Syvertsen, J. P. (1991). Soil and citrus tree nutrition are affected by salinized irrigation water. In: Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society, 104, 135-138.
- Anjum, M. A. (2008). Effect of NaCl concentrations in irrigation water on growth and polyamine metabolism in two citrus rootstocks with different levels of salinity tolerance. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 30, 43-52.
- Arbona, V., Flors, V., Jacas, J., Garcia-Agustín, P. & Gomez-Cadenas, A. (2003). Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses of Carrizo citrange, a salt-sensitive Citrus rootstock, to different levels of salinity. Plant Cell Physiology, 44 (4), 388-394.
- Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast. Polyphenoloxide in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-15.
- Azooz, M. M., Ismaiel, A. M. & Abou Elhamed, M. F. (2009). Growth, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities as a selection criterion for the salt tolerance of maize cultivars grown under salinity stress. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 11, 21-26.
- Bartoli, C. G, Gomes, F., Martinez, D. E. & Guiamet, J. J. (2004). Mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (Triticum aestivu L.). Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(403), 1663-1669.
- Bates, L-S., Waldron, R. P. & Teare, I. D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-208.
- Beers, R. F. and Sizer, I. (1952). A spectrophotometric method for measuring the breakdown of hydrogen by catalase. The Journal of Biochemistry, 195, 133-140.
- Beltagi, M. S., Ismail, M. A. & Mohamed, F. H. (2006). Induced salt tolerance in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) by gamma irradiation. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 6, 1143–1148.
- Bonjoch, N. P. &. Tamayo, P. R. (2001). Protein content quantification by Bradford method. p: 283- 295. In Reigosa Roger, M. J. (ed.) Handbook of plant ecophysiology techniques. Kluwer Academic Publishing.pp: 452.
- Bradford, M. (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein dye binding. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 72, 248-254.
- Brumos, J., Colmen ero-Flores, J. M., Conesa, A., Izquierdo - Sanchez, G., Iglesias, D. J., Lopez-Climent, Gomez-Cadenas, A. & Talon, M. (2009). Membrane transporters and carbon metabolism implicated in chloride homeostasis differentiate salt stress responses in tolerant and sensitive Citrus rootstocks. Functional and Integrative Genomics, 9, 293-309.
- Chen, C., Tao, C., Peng, H. & Ding, Y. (2007). Genetic analysis of salt stress responses in asparagus bean (Vigna unguiculata L. ssp. Sesquipedalis verdc.). Journal of Heredity, 98 (7), 655–665.
- Climent, M., Arbona, V., Perez-Clemente, R. M. & Gomez-Cadenas, A. (2008). Relationship between salt tolerance and photosynthetic machinery performance in citrus. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 62, 176-184.
- Dai, Q. L., Chen, Ch., Feng, B., Liu, T. T., Tian, X., Gong, Y. Y., Sun, Y. K., Wang, J. & Du, Zh. (2009). Effect of NaCl treatment on the antioxidant enzymes of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (20), 5400-5405.
- Dhindsa, R. A., Plumb-Dhindsa, P. & Thorpe, T. A. (1981). Leaf senescence: Correlated with increased levels of membrane permeability and lipid peroxidation, and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Journal of Experimental Botany, 126, 93-101.
- Doganlar, Z. B., Demir, K., Basak, H. & Gul, I. (2010). Effects of salt stress on pigment and total soluble protein contents of three different tomato cultivars. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5 (15), 2056-2065.
- El-Baky, A., Hanaa, H., Mohamad, Amal, A. & Hussein, M. M. (2003). Influence of salinity on lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes and electrophoretic patterns of protein and isoenzymes in leaves of some Onion cultivars. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 2 (8), 633-638.
- El-Bassiouny, H. M. S. & Bekheta, M. A. (2005). Effect of salt stress on relative water content, lipid peroxidation, polyamines, amino acids and ethylene of two wheat cultivars. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7 (3), 363-368.
- Flowers, T. J. & Flowers, S. A. (2005). Why does salinity pose such a difficult problem for plant breeders? Agricultural Water Management, 78, 15-24.
- Garcia-Sanchez, F., Carvajal, M., Porras, I., Botina, P. & Martinez, V. (2003). Effects of salinity and rate of irrigation on yield, fruit quality and mineral composition of ‘Fino 49’ Lemon. European Journal of Agronomy, 19, 427-437.
- Garcıa-Sanchez, F., Perez-Perez, J. G., Botia, P. & Martinez, V. (2006). The response of young mandarin trees grown under saline conditions depends on the rootstock. European Journal of Agronomy, 24, 129-139.
- Golldack, D., Li, Ch., Mohan, H. & Probst, N. (2014). Tolerance to drought and salt stress in plants: Unraveling the signaling networks. Frontiers in Plant Science, 5, 151.
- Gomez-Cadenas, A., Arbona, V., Jacas, J., Primo-Millo, E. & Talon, M. (2003). Abscisic acid reduces leaf abscission and increases salt tolerance in Citrus plants. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 21, 234-240.
- Gosset, D. R., Millhollon, E. P. & Lucas, M. C. (1994). Antioxidant response to NaCl stress in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive cultivar of cotton. Crop Science, 34, 706–714.
- Gueta-Dahan, Y., Yaniv, Z., Zilinskas, B. A. & Ben-Hayyim, G. (1997). Salt and oxidative stress: Similar and specific responses and their relation to salt tolerance in Citrus. Planta, 203, 460-469.
- Gupta, B. & Huang, B. (2014). Mechanism of salinity tolerance in plants: Physiological, biochemical, and molecular characterization. International Journal of Genomics. Article ID 701596. 18 p.
- Heath, R. L. & Packer, L. (1968). Photoperoxidation in isolated chloroplasts. Kinetics and stoichiometry of fatty acid peroxidation. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 125, 189-198.
- Hussain, S., Luro, F., Costantino, G., Ollitrault, P. & Morillon, R. (2012). Physiological analysis of salt stress behavior of citrus species and genera: Low chloride accumulation as an indicator of salt tolerance. South African Journal of Botany, 81, 103-112.
- Kanlaya, K. N., Sakda, D., Chaisiri, W., Sumontip, B., Manit, K. & Piyada, T. (2005). Protein profiles in response to salt stress in leaf sheats of rice seedlings. ScienceAsia, 31, 403-408.
- Kapoor, K. & Srivastava, A. (2010). Assessment of salinity tolerance of Vinga mungo var. Pu-19 using ex vitro and in vitro methods. Asian Journal of Biotechnology, 2(2), 73-85.
- Lechno, S., Zamski, E. & Telor, E. (1997). Salt stress-induced responses in cucumber plants. Journal of Plant Physiology, 150, 206-211.
- Lee, D. H., Kim, Y. S. & Lee, C. B. (2001). The inductive responses of the antioxidant enzymes by salt stress in the rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Plant Physiology, 158, 737-745.
- Levy, Y. & Syversten, J. (2004). Irrigation water quality and salinity effects in citrus trees. Pp: 37-75. In Janick, J. (ed.) Horticultural Reviews. vol 30. John Wiley & Sons Inc.
- Mandhania, S., Madan, S. & Sawhney, V. (2006). Antioxidant defense mechanism under salt stress in wheat seedling. Biologia Plantarum, 50 (2), 227-231.
- Melgar, J. C., Syvertsen, J. P., Martinez, V., & Garcia-sanchez, F. (2008). Leaf gas exchange, water relations, nutrient content and growth in citrus and olive seedlings under salinity. Biologia Plantarum, 52 (2), 385-390.
- Mirabasi, F. (2011). Evaluation of salt tolerance of sodium chloride in some citrus morphotypes. Master's Thesis of Horticulture. Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan. (in Farsi)
- Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-81.
- Munns, R. (2002). Comparative physiology of salt and water stress. Plant, Cell and Environment, 25, 239-250
- Murkute, A. A., Sharma, S. & Singh, S. K. (2005). Citrus in terms of soil and water salinity: A review. Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 64, 393-402.
- Nakano, Y. & Asada, K. (1987). Purification of ascorbate peroxidase in spinach chloroplast: Its inactivation in ascorbate-depleted medium and reactivation by monodehydroascorbate radical. Plant and Cell Physiology, 28, 131-140.
- Nasirkhan, M., Siddiqui, M. H., Mohammad, F., Masroor, M., Khan, A. & Naeem, M. (2007). Salinity induced changes in growth, enzyme activities, photosynthesis, proline accumulation and yield in linseed genotypes. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (5), 685-695.
- Nieves, M., Garcia, A. & Cerda, A. (1991). Effect of salinity and rootstock on lemon fruit quality. The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 66, 27-30.
- Noreen, Z. & Ashraf, M. (2009). Assessment of variation in antioxidative defense system in salt-treated pea (Pisum sativum) cultivars and its putative use as salinity tolerance markers. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166 (16), 1764-1774.
- Parida, A. K. & Das, A. B. (2005). Salt tolerance and salinity effects on plants: A review. EcotoxicologyandEnvironmentalSafety, 60, 324-349.
- Parida, A. K., Das, A. B. & Mohanty, P. (2004). Defense potentials to NaCl in a mangrove, Bruguiera parviflora: Differential changes of isoforms of some antioxidative enzymes. Journal of Plant Physiology, 161(5), 531-542.
- Perez-Perez, J. G., Syvertsen, J. P., Botia, P. & Garcia-Sanchez, F. (2007). Leaf water relations and net gas exchange responses of salinized Carrizo citrange seedlings during drought stress and recovery. Annals of Botany, 100, 335-345.
- Perez-Tornero, O., Tallon, C. I., Porras, I. & Navarro, J. M. (2009). Physiological and growth changes in micropropagated Citrus macrophylla explants due to salinity. Journal of Plant Physiology, 166, 1923-1933.
- Romero-Aranda, R., Moya, J. L., Tadeo, F. R., Legaz, F., Primo-Millo, E. & Talon, M. (1998). Physiological and anatomical disturbances induced by chloride salts in sensitive and tolerant citrus: Beneficial and detrimental effects of cations. Plant, Cell and Environment, 21, 1243-1253.
- Sala, J. M. & Lafuente, M. T. (1999). Catalase in the heat-induced chilling tolerance of coldstored hybrid ‘Fortune’ mandarin fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, 2410-2414.
- Shalata, A., Mittova, V., Volokita, M., Guy, M. & Tal, M. (2001). Response of the cultivated tomato and its wild salt-tolerant relative Lycopersicon pennellii to salt-dependent oxidative stress: the root antioxidative system. Physiologia Plantarum, 112, 487-494.
- Storey, R. & Walker, R. R. (1999). Citrus and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 39-81.
- Syvertsen, J. M. & Garcia-Sanchez, F. (2014). Multiple abiotic stresses occurring with salinity stress in citrus. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 103, 128-137.
- Wu, Q. Sh. & Zou, Y. N. (2009). Adaptive responses of birch-leaved pear (Pyrus betulaefolia) seedlings to salinity stress. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj, 37(1), 133-138.
- Zhang, H., Han, B., Wang, T., Chen, S., Li, H., Zhang, Y. & Dai, S. (2012). Mechanisms of plant salt response: Insights proteomics. Journal of Proteome Research, 11, 49-67.
)