نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
2 دانشیار علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران
3 استادیار، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان زنجان، ایران
4 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
چکیده
بهمنظور ارزیابی تحمل به خشکی برخی پایههای هیبرید سیب، آزمایشی گلدانی بهصورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با 11 ژنوتیپ حاصل از برنامه اصلاح پایههای سیب شامل AR1 تا AR11 بههمراه پایه MM111 بهعنوان شاهد متحمل در دو تیمار آبیاری 40 و 80 درصد ظرفیت زراعی اجرا شد. در این پژوهش فاکتورهای فیزیولوژیکی شامل: فتوسنتز، هدایت روزنهای، تعرق،CO2 زیرروزنه، کارایی مصرف آب، هدایت مزوفیلی، محتوی نسبی آب برگ، دمای سطح برگ و دمای بخش درونی تاج اندازهگیری شد. بهطورکلی ژنوتیپ پایههای موردمطالعه به لحاظ خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی تفاوت معنیداری در سطح 1% از خود نشان دادند. تحت تأثیر تنش خشکی، پارامترهای فیزیولوژیکی کاهش یافت و میزان کاهش آن در ژنوتیپ پایههای مختلف متفاوت بود. اگرچه ژنوتیپ پایههای AR3، AR4، AR5 و AR7در شرایط آبیاری بدون تنش، دارای بیشترین تبادلات روزنهای و فتوسنتز بودند؛ ولی کمترین کاهش در تبادلات روزنهای و فتوسنتز تحت تنش خشکی در ژنوتیپ پایههای AR1، AR4، AR8 و AR11 و بیشترین عکسالعمل منفی به تنش در ژنوتیپ پایههای AR3، AR6، AR7 و AR9 مشاهده شد که بهعنوان دو گروه ژنوتیپهای متحمل و حساس به تنش خشکی، میتوانند در بررسیهای بعدی موردتوجه قرار گیرند. محتوی نسبی آب برگ در ژنوتیپهای متحمل به تنش خشکی، علیرغم داشتن تعرق بیشتر، بهمیزان کمتری کاهش یافت و همین امر میزان آماس برگها و شاخصهای فتوسنتزی آنها را بهبود داد. احتمالاً این ژنوتیپها با سیستم ریشهای ویژه، توانایی جذب بیشتر آب از خاک را داشته و یا با تجمع اسمولیتهای درونسلولی، قدرت جذب و نگهداری آب بیشتری دارند.
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Screening for drought tolerance in some hybrid apple rootstocks based on photosynthesis characteristics
نویسندگان [English]
- Dariuds Atashkar 1
- Ahmad Ershadi 2
- Mehdi Taheri 3
- Hamid Abdollahi 4
1 Former Ph.D. Student of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran
2 Asociated professor of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Bu-Ali Sina, Hamedan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Zanjan Agricultural and natural resources research Center, Agricultural, Research, Education and Extension Organization, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Horticultural Science Research Institute, Agricultural, Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
In order to evaluate the drought tolerance of some hybrid apple rootstocks, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 11 genotypes from apple rootstock breeding program, AR1 to AR11, with MM111, as tolerant control, under two irrigation treatments of 40 and 80% field capacity. In this experiment, physiological parameters including photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, sub-stomatal CO2, water use efficiency, mesophyll conductance, leaf relative water content (RWC), leaf surface temperature, and internal temperature of the crown were measured. Generally, the studied genotypes showed significant differences in physiological characteristics at 1% level. Drought stress reduced the physiological parameters and its reduction varied among different genotypes. Genotypes AR3, AR4, AR5 and AR7 had the highest stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate under normal irrigation (control), however, AR1, AR4, AR8, AR11 showed the least and AR3, AR6, AR7, AR9 revealed the most decrease in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis rate under drought stress which may be considered as drought tolerant and drought suceptible groups of genotypes for further studies. Despite higher transpiration of drought tolerant genotypes, they maintained their leaf relative water content under drought stress which, in turn resulted in retaining their leaf turgor pressure and photosynthesis parameters. These genotypes had more ability to absorb or keep water probably due to their special root system or higher osmolites accumulation in their cells.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Stomatal conductance
- Transpiration
- photosynthesis
- Water use efficiency
- Water shortage
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