نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
2 دانشیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
3 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج
چکیده
یکی از مهم‌ترین ارکان سیستم‌های کشت بدون خاک، بستر کشت می‌باشد. پرورش‌دهندگان گیاهان معمولاً بر اساس خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی، نسبت به انتخاب بسترها اقدام می‌نمایند. به‌منظور بررسی اثر برخی از مهم‌ترین خصوصیات فیزیکی بسترهای کشت بر رشد و کارایی مصرف آب نشای گوجهفرنگی گلخانه‌ای، ویژگی‌های فیزیکی 50 بستر ترکیبی اندازه‌گیری گردید و سپس سه بستر با خصوصیات فیزیکی مشابه (ظرفیت نگهداری آب، حجم هوای مؤثر و خلل و فرج مؤثر) مورد مطالعه و بررسی قرار گرفتند. آزمایشی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با 3 تیمار، 3 تکرار و 12 مشاهده در هر واحد آزمایشی، طراحی و اجرا گردید. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین وزن خشک کل بوته، سطح برگ و تعداد برگ در بستر ترکیبی ماسه-کوکوپیت و کمترین مقدار در بستر پرلیت-ورمیکولیت بهدست آمد. بسترهای ماسه-کوکوپیت و پرلیت کوکوپیت تأثیر یکسانی بر صفات قطر و ارتفاع و ارتفاع اولین گره داشتند. بستر ماسه کوکوپیت، بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب آبیاری معادل 17/1 گرم ماده خشک بر لیتر آب مصرفی را دارا بود و بستر پرلیت-ورمیکولیت، کمترین کارایی معادل 34/0 گرم ماده خشک بر لیتر آب مصرفی را نشان داد. بر اساس نتایج بهدست آمده از این پژوهش، مشخص گردید که اگرچه بسترهای مورد مطالعه دارای ظرفیت نگهداری آب یکسانی بودند؛ اما بهترین رشد و کارایی مصرف آب در بستر ماسه-کوکوپیت، که دارای میزان آب سهل‌الوصول (59 درصد) بیشتری بود حاصل گردید. نتایج نشان میدهد که دارا بودن ظرفیت نگهداری آب یکسان در دو بستر، الزاما به معنی رفتار مشابه آنها نیست و خصوصیات دقیقتر دیگری نیز دخالت دارند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
The effects of substrate physical properties on growth and irrigation water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato transplant
نویسندگان [English]
- Hossein Mazari 1
- Mojtaba Delshad 2
- Abdolkarim Kashi 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Associate Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]
Substrate is one of the most important factors in soilless cultures. Growers of horticultural crops usually select substrates based on physical and chemical characteristics. In order to evaluate the effects of some of the most important physical properties of media, on growth and irrigation water use efficiency of greenhouse tomato transplant, physical properties (water holding capacity, effective air filled pore space and effective pore space) of 50 mixed media were measured. Media which had the same physical properties among the mixed media were selected as experimental treatments to grow greenhouse tomato transplants. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 12 observations in each experimental unit was used for the experiment. Results showed that maximum and minimum plant total dry weight, leaf area and leaf number was recorded in sand-cocopeat and perlite-vermiculite media, respectively. Sand- cocopeat and perlite-cocopeat media had the same values of stem diameter, plant height and height of the first node especially during first 2 weeks. Maximum and minimum irrigation water use efficiency (1.17 g/l and 0.34 g/l) occurred in sand-cocopeat and perlite-vermiculite media, respectively. Results indicated that although studied media had the same water holding capacity, but the best growth and irrigation water use efficiency was obtained on sand-cocopeat medium which had a higher amount of easily available water. According to results, it can be concluded that the same water holding capacity of two media doesn’t necessarily guarantee similar results from them and other properties must be taken in account.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Asily available water
- effective air-filled pore space
- tomato transplant
- water-holding capacity
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