تأثیر تنش شوری بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیولوژیک و ریخت‌شناختی توده‌های بومی شلغم ایرانی (Brassica rapa)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

2 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

3 استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران

4 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان یزد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، یزد، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر شوری بر برخی ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناختی (مورفولوژیک) و فیزیولوژیک توده­های شلغم ایرانی آزمایشی گلخانه­ای به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. عامل اول شوری آب در چهار سطح (0، 60، 120 و 180 میلی­مولار کلرید سدیم) و عامل دوم 15تودۀ­ شلغم ایرانی بود. نتایج نشان داد، تنش شوری میزان وزن تر و خشک شاخساره (63 و 33 درصد)، وزن تر ریشۀ غده­ای (86 درصد)، سبزینۀ (کلروفیل) a و b (52 و 5/37 درصد)، پتاسیم برگ و ریشه (2/33 و 2/31 درصد) را کاهش و میزان سدیم برگ و ریشۀ غده­ای را افزایش (84 و 3/90 درصد) داد. نتایج اثر متقابل شوری و توده نشان داد، توده­های مشهد، یزد و بیرجند بیشترین کاهش میزان پرولین (71، 5/64 و 6/61 درصد) و توده­های مهریز و کرمانشاه کمترین کاهش سبزینۀ a (22 و 3/32 درصد) در شوری 180 میلی­مولار نسبت به شاهد را داشتند. سبزینۀ a و b با وزن تر (**8/0 و **72/0) و خشک اندام‌های هوایی (*73/0 و *68/0) همبستگی مثبت داشت. پرولین نیز به ترتیب با سدیم و پتاسیم برگ همبستگی مثبت و منفی (*43/0 و *42/0-) داشت. پتاسیم و سدیم ریشه همبستگی منفی (**88/0-) و معنی­داری با هم داشتند. نتایج همچنین نشان داد، توده­های شلغم ایرانی به تنش شوری واکنش­های متفاوتی نشان می­دهند و از یون­های پتاسیم و سدیم می­توان به‌عنوان شاخص انتخاب توده­های متحمل به شوری در شلغم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of salt stress on some morphological and physiological traits of Iranian turnip accessions (Brassica rapa L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Amirian Mojarad 1
  • Mohammad Reza Hassandokht 2
  • Vahid Abdossi 3
  • Seyed Ali Tabatabaei 4
  • Kambiz Larijani 3
1 Ph.D. Candidate, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Assistance Professor, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Assistance Professor, Seed and Plant Improvment Research Department, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Center, AREEO, Yazd, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate effects of salt stress on some morphological and physiological traits of Iranian turnips accessions, a greenhouse experimental was carried out as a factorial with a completely randomized design in three replications. The first factor was the salinityof water at four levels (0, 60, 120 and 180 mM NaCl) and the second factor was the accessions of Iranian turnip at 15 levels. Results showed that salt stress reduced the fresh and dry weights of shoot (63, 33) and root tuber (86%), chlorophylls a and b (52 and 37.5%), potassium ion of leaf and tuber root (33.2 and 31.2%) and increased the sodium content of leaf and root tuber (84 and 90.3 percent. Results of interaction of salinity and accession showed that Mashhad, Yazd and Birjand accessions had the greatest reduction in proline (71, 64.5 and 61.6%); while, accessions from Mehriz and Kermanshah had the smallest decrease in chlorophyll a (22 and 32.3%) at 180 mM salinity compared to control. Chlorophyll a and b levels were positively correlated with fresh weight (0.8**, 0.72**) and dry weight of shoots (0.43**, 0.68**). Proline had a positive and negative correlation with sodium and potassium of leaf (0.43*, -0.42*), respectively. Root potassium and sodium had negative significant correlation. Results showed accessions of Iranian turnip exhibit different responses to salt stress and potassium and sodium ions can be used as a selection index for accessions of salt-tolerant turnip.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Physiology
  • proline
  • salinity levels
  • yield
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