بررسی رشد، عملکرد، کارایی مصرف آب و میزان تبخیر تعرق برخی توده‌های هندوانه در شرایط تنش خشکی تحت رژیم‌های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

چکیده

این آزمایش به‌منظور ارزیابی مقاومت به تنش خشکی توده‌های هندوانۀ شریف‌آباد، اصفهان، ابوجهل و رقم کریمسون سوییت انجام گرفت. آزمایش در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی و به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده دارای چهار رژیم آبیاری که 100درصد به‌عنوان شاهد، 75درصد، 50 درصد و 25 درصد آب قابل دسترس AW) =Available water) به‌عنوان شرایط تنش تقسیم‌بندی شدند، اجرا شد. بیشترین طول شاخساره و شمار گل‌های ماده در سطوح 100درصد و 75درصد آب قابل دسترس بود و کمترین آن در 25درصد آب قابل دسترس مشاهده شد. بیشترین کارایی مصرف آب برای هندوانۀ کریمسون سوییت با مقدار 16/34 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب در سطح 75درصد AW بود. بیشترین عملکرد برحسب تن در هکتار در هندوانۀ شریف‌آباد در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد و کمترین مقدار در رقم کریمسون سوییت در سطح 25درصدAW بدون میوه بود. با شدید شدن سطح تنش تودۀ شریف‌آباد و رقم کریمسون سوییت مقدار محتوای کل فنلی بیشتری نسبت به دیگر نمونه‌ها داشتند. در کل با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده می‌توان گفت که تودۀ شریف‌آباد نسبت به دیگر هندوانه‌های خوراکی مقاومت بهتری دارد. در رابطه با میزان تبخیر تعرق و KC(ضریب گیاهی) هندوانۀ کریمسون سوییت بیشترین و هندوانۀ ابوجهل کمترین میزان را به خود اختصاص دادند. استفاده از توده‌های محلی و متحمل هندوانه در برنامه‌های اصلاحی و مدیریت بهینۀ آبیاری می‌تواند به کشاورزان در رویارویی با کمبود آب کمک کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of growth, yield, and water use efficiency and evaporation transpiration of some watermelon accessions at drought stress conditions under different irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Forouzandeh Soltani 1
  • Moein Shajari 2
  • Hamide Noory 1
1 Assistant Professor , University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587, Karaj, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, 31587, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate resistance to drought stress of watermelon accessions, Isfahan, Sharif-Abad, Crimson sweat and Colocynth as index plant. Experiment performed in Randomized Completely Block Design as split plot with four irrigation regimes (100% as control, 75%, 50% and 25% of available water). Results showed that the longest shoot and high number of female flower was at 100% and 75% AW while the lowest level was observed at 25%AW.The highest water use efficiency obtained from Crimson sweat with 34/16 Kg/m3 at 75%AW. The maximum fruit yield (ton/hectare) was for Sharif-Abad in control treatment and minimum amount for crimson sweat at 25%AW without any fruit. Sharif-Abad and crimson sweat had highest contents of total phenolic compound with increasing stress level in comparison with other samples. As a whole, based on results, Sharif-Abad accession was more tolerant accession in stress conditions. In respect to Evaporation Transpiration and KC, crimson sweat allocated maximum and colocynth minimum amount. The use of local and tolerant watermelon in breeding program and irrigation management could help in overcoming water shortage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Accession
  • Available water
  • ET
  • KC
  1. Abbaszadeh, B., Sharifi ashourabadi, A., Lebaschi, A. H., Naderi hajibagher Kand, M. & Moghadami, F. (2008). The effect of drought stress on proline contents, soluble sugars, chlorophyll and relative water contents of balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23, 504-513. (in Farsi)
  2. Anju, S., Thakur, P. S. & Duvivedi, M. P. (1994). Rapid evaluation of apple varieties for drought tolerance, Indian Journal of Horticulture, 51, 16-21.
  3. Barzegar, T., Delshad, M., Majd Abadi, A., Kashi, A. & Qashqayi, Zh. (2011). Effects of water stress on growth, yield and some physiological indices of Iranian melons. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 42, 357-363. (in Farsi)
  4. Bastos, E., Silva, A., Rodrigues, C. R., Andrade Jr, B. H. & Ibiapina, A. S. (2012). Evapotranspiration and crop coefficient of drip irrigated watermelon in Piaui coastline, Brazil. Engenharia Agrícola, 32, 582-590.
  5. Bayat, H., Mardani, H., Arouie, H. & Salahvarzi, Y. (2011). Effects of salicylic acid on morphological and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedling (Cucumis sativus cv. Super Dominus) under drought stress. Journal of Plant Production, 18, 63-76. (in Farsi)
  6. Chun, B., Culler, D., Roscoe, T., Bavier, A., Peterson, L., Wawrzoniak, M., & Bowman, M. (2003). Planetlab: an overlay testbed for broad-coverage services. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 33, 3-12.
  7. Doorenbos, A. & Kassam, H. (1979). Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 33, p. 193 Rome.
  8. Erdem, Y., Yuksel, A. N. & Orta, A. H.  (2001) .The effects of deficit irrigation on watermelon yield, water use, and quality characteristics. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 4, 785-789.
  9. Erdem, Y. & Yüksel, A. N. (2003). Yield response of watermelon to irrigation shortage. Scientia Horticulture, 98, 365-383.
  10. Eris, A., Sivritepe, N. & Sivritepe, H. Ö. (1989). Some physiological and morphological changes in vine at water stress.  The 4th Viticulture symposium, Yalova, Turkey, pp 64-69.
  11. Esmaeli Monazah, A., Omidi, H. & Bostani A. (2012). Effects of drought stress on yield, proline, photosynthetic pigments and leaf relative water in several genotypes (Safe, Goldasht, Mee12,  411, Mee 50, Mee 141, C44, Padideh & Kw1), Journal of Agricultural Water, 9, 525-534. (in Farsi)
  12. Faramarz Pour, A., Delshad, M. & Parsi Nejad, M. (2012). An Evaluation of Growth, Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Greenhouse Cucumber Production at Different Soil Moisture Circumstances using Tensiometer as Moisture Measuring Instrument. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 43, 285-292. (in Farsi)
  13. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2012). Biodiversity: Agricultural biodiversity in FAO. Retrieved January 12, 2009, from http://www.fao.org/biodiversity.
  14. Food and Agriculture Organization. (2013). Chapter 2: Crop water needs.From http://www.fao.org/biodiversity.
  15. Ghorbanli, M. & Niakan, M. (2005). The Effect of Drought Stress on Soluble Sugar, Total Protein, Proline, Phenolic Compound, Chlorophyll Content and rate Reductase Activity in Soybean (Glycine max L.cv.Gorgan3), Journal of Science (Khwarizmi University), 5(1-2), 537-550, (in Farsi)
  16. Hernández-Santana, V. (2008). Response of Quercus pyrenaica (Melojo oak) to soil water deficit: a case study in Spain. European Journal of Forest Research, 127, 369-378.
  17. Ibarra, L., Flores, J. & Carlos Diaz-Perez, J. (2001). Growth and yield of muskmelon in response to plastic mulch and row covers. Science Horticulture, 87, 139-145.
  18. Jones, H. G. & Corlett, J. E. (1992).Current topics in drought physiology. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 119, 291-296.
  19. Julian, R. J. (2005). Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic disease of poultry- A review. The Veterinary Journal, 169, 350-369.
  20. Karipçin, Z., Sari, N. & Kirnak, H. (2008). Preliminary research on drought resistance of wild and domestic Turkish watermelon accessions. Pitrat M. (ed): Cucurbitaceae. In: Proceedings of the IXth EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae, Avignon (France), pp. 493-499.
  21. Keyvan, Sh. (2010). The effects of drought stress on yield, relative water content, proline, soluble carbohydrates and chlorophyll of bread wheat cultivars. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 3: 1051- 1060.
  22. Kirnak, H. & Dogan, E. (2009). Effect of seasonal water stress imposed on drip irrigated second crop watermelon grown in semi-arid climatic conditions. Irrigation science, 27, 155-164.
  23. Kusvuran, S. (2012). Effects of drought and salt stresses on growth, stomatal conductance, leaf water and osmotic potentials of melon genotypes (Cucumis melo L.). African Journal of Agricultural Research, 7, 775-781.
  24. Miller, G. A., Farahani, H. J. & Lankford, D.  (2010). Set points for watermelon drip irrigation using capacitance probes. In Third International symposium of Soil Sensor, Spain, April,185-195.
  25. Lichtenthaler, H. K. & Buschmann, C. (2001). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Measurement and characterization by UV‐VIS spectroscopy. Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. pp. 31-38. Wiley, New York.
  26. Mousavi, S. F., Mostafazadeh-Fard, B., Farkhondeh, A. & Feizi, M. (2010). Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on yield, fruit quality and water use efficiency of cantaloupe in an arid region. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 11, 469-479. (in Farsi)
  27. Orta, A. H., Erdem, Y. & Erdem, T. (2003). Crop water stress index for watermelon. Scientia Horticulture, 98, 121-130.
  28. Petropoulos, S. A., Daferera D., Passa, H. C. & Polissiou, M.G. (2008).  The effect of water deficit stress on the growth, yield and composition of essential oils of parsley. Scientia Horticulturae, 115, 393-397.
  29. Refaie, K. M. (2003). Studies on controlling soil moisture within root zones to minimize water loss to the surrounding environment. M. Sc. Thesis, Institute of Environmental Studies & Research, Ain Shams University. Cairo, Egypt, Pp. 85-89
  30. Rohman, A., Riyanto, S., Yuniarti, N., Saputra, W. R., Utami, R. & Mulatsih, W. (2010). Antioxidant, total phenolic and total flavonoid of extracts and fractions of red fruit (Pandanus conoideus Lam), International Food Research Journal, 17, 97-106
  31. Sarker, B. C., Hara, M. & Uemura, M. (2005). Proline synthesis, physiological responses and biomass yield of eggplants during and after repetitive soil moisture stress. Scientia Horticulturae, 130, 387-402.
  32. Simsek, M., Kacıra, M., Tonkaz, T. (2004). The effects of different drip irrigation regimes on watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thumb) yield and yield components under semi-arid climatic conditions. Journal of agricultural research, 55, 1149-1157.
  33. Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. (2006). Plant Physiology Forth Edition Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publication Sunderland, Massachusette. P.738.
  34. Wakindiki, I. I. C. & Kirambia, R.K. (2011). Supplemental irrigation effects on yield of two watermelons (Citrulus lanatus Thumb) cultivars under semi-arid climate in Kenya. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 6, 4862-4870.
  35. Wang, Y., Xie, Z.K., Li, F. & Zhang, Z. (2004). The effects of supplemental irrigation on watermelon production in gravel and sand mulched fields in the Loess Plateau of Northwest China. Agriculture Water Management, 69, 29-4.
  36. Waterman, P. G. & Mole, S. (1994). Analysis of phenolic plant metabolites. (PP.124-218) Oxford; Boston: Blackwell Scientific.