ارزیابی تأثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی بر عملکرد مادۀ خشک و کمیت و کیفیت اسانس ریحان سبز (Ocimum basilicum L.) در منطقۀ فیروزکوه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

2 دانشیار، واحد رودهن، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رودهن، ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر کودهای آلی و زیستی (بیولوژیک) بر عملکرد مادۀ خشک و کمیت و کیفیت اسانس ریحان سبز، آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­ کامل تصادفی انجام گرفت. عامل اول شامل سه سطح 0، 5 و 10 تن در هکتار ورمی کمپوست و عامل دوم شامل دو حالت تلقیح بذر و بدون تلقیح بذر با کود زیستی نیتروکسین بود. نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از این پژوهش نشان داد، بیشترین عملکرد خشک پیکرۀ رویشی (3/2405 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کاربرد 5 تن ورمی کمپوست و بیشترین درصد اسانس (48/0%) و عملکرد اسانس (81/9 کیلوگرم در هکتار) در کاربرد 10 تن ورمی کمپوست به دست آمد. کود زیستی نیتروکسین تأثیر معنی­داری روی عملکرد خشک پیکرۀ رویشی و درصد ژرانیال و درصد کاریوفیلن اکساید در اسانس داشت، به‌طوری‌که بیشترین عملکرد پیکرۀ رویشی (2/2181 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، درصد ژرانیال (91/21%) و کاریوفیلن اکساید (25/3%) در اسانس در تیمار کاربرد نیتروکسین (تلقیح با بذر) به دست آمد. همچنین اثر متقابل در بین عامل‌ها روی عملکرد پیکرۀ رویشی و درصد ژرانیال، کاریوفیلن اکساید و ترانس آلفا برگاموتن در اسانس، معنی‌دار شد. درمجموع بیشترین عملکردهای پیکرۀ رویشی و اسانس با کاربرد ورمی کمپوست و بیشترین ترکیب‌های اسانس با کاربرد نیتروکسین به دست آمد.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on biomass yield and quantity and quality of essential oil of green basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) in Firouzkuh region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Parnia Asheghi 1
  • Mohammad Taghi Darzi 2
  • Mohammadreza Haj Seyed Hadi 2
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Roudehen Branch, Islamic Azad University, Roudehen, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study effects of organic and bio-fertilizers on dry matter yield and quantity and quality of essential oil of green basil, an experiment was conducted as factorial experiment in the base of randomized complete block design. First factor contained three levels 0, 5 and 10 ton/ha vermicompost and second factor contained two cases inoculated seeds and non-inoculated seeds with Nitroxin biofertilizer. Results showed that the highest shoot dry yield were obtained with application of 5 t/ha vermicompost while the highest essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were in applying 10 ton/ha vermicompost. Nitroxin biofertilizer showed significant effects on shoot dry yield, geranial percentage and Caryophyllene oxide percentage in essential oil, as the highest geranial percentage and caryophyllene oxide percentage in treatment of application of Nitroxin (inoculated seeds) were obtained. Also, the intractions effect of factors on shoot dry yield, geranial, caryophyllene oxide and trans alpha bergamotene in essential oil were significant. Generally, the highest shoot and essential oil yields were obtained with application of vermicompost and the highest essential oil compositions with Nitroxin application.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Geranial
  • nitroxin biofertilizer
  • vermicompost
  • yield

مراجع

  1. Adams, R. P. (2001). Identification of essential oil components by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.Allured Publishing Corporation Carol Stream.
  2. Akbari, E. & Gholami, A. (2016). Effect of mycorrhizal symbiosis, vermicompost and humic acid on essential oil yield and root colonization of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 13(4), 840-853.
  3. Amiri, M. B., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. & Jahan, M. (2016). Study the morphological characteristics affecting yield of Echium amoenum under different organic and chemical fertilizers and plant densities. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science, 47(1), 55-69.
  4. Anwar, M., Patra, D. D., Chand, S., Alpesh, K., Naqvi, A. A. & Khanuja, S. P. S. (2005). Effect of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on growth, herb and oil yield, nutrient accumulation, and oil quality of french basil. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analys, 36(13-14), 1737-1746.
  5. Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Bierman, P., Metzger, J. D. & Lucht, C. (2005). Effects of vermicomposts produced from cattle manure, food waste and paper waste on the growth and yield of peppers in the field. Pedobiologia, 49(4), 297-306.
  6. Arancon, N. Q., Edwards, C. A., Lee, S. & Byrne, R. (2006). Effects of humic acids from vermicomposts on plant growth. European Journal of Soil Biology, 42, s65-s69.
  7. Azzaz, N. A., Hassan, E. A. & Hamad, E. H. (2009). The chemical constituent and vegetative and yielding characteristics of fennel plants treated with organic and bio-fertilizer instead of mineral fertilizer. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 3(2), 579-587.
  8. Behzadi, Y., Salehi, A., Balouchi, H. R. & Yadavi, A. R. (2016). Effect of Biological, Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 25(4), 161-175.
  9. Darzi, M. T., Ghalavand, A., Sephidkon, F. & Rejali, F. (2009). Effects of mycorrhiza, vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 24(4), 396-413.
  10. Darzi, M. T., Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Rejali, F. (2012). Effects of the application of vermicompost and nitrogen fixing bacteria on quantity and quality of the essential oil in dill (Anethum graveolens). Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(21), 3793-3799.
  11. Darzi, M. T., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Rejali, F. (2013). Effects of vermicompost and phosphatic biofertilizer application on quantity and quality of essential oil in anise. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 29(3), 583-594.
  12. Darzi, M. T. & Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. (2014) Response of concentration and composition of essential oil of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) to Cattle manure and Nitrogen fixing bacteria. Ethno-Pharmaceutical Products, 1(2), 35-42.
  13. Darzi, M. T. & Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. (2016). The Role of Separated and Integrated Application of Organic and Biological Inputs on N, P, K Concentration, Essential Oil of Dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 26(3), 101-114.
  14. Eblagh, N., Fateh, E., Farzane, M. & Osfuri, M. (2014). Effect of Cattle Manure Application, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria and Different Phosphrous Levels on Yield and Essence Components of Trachyspermum ammi L. Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, (4), 1-15.
  15. Fallahi, J., Koocheki, A. & Rezvani Moghaddam, P. (2010). Effects of biofertilizers on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria recutita) as a medicinal plant. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 7(1), 127-135.
  16. Geetha, A., Rao, P. V., Reddy, D. V. & Mohammad, S. (2009). Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on macro and micro nutrient uptake, oil content, quality and herbage yield in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). Research on Crops, 10(3), 740-742.
  17. Ghazi Manas, M., Banj Shafiee, S., Hadj Seyed Hadi, M.R. & Darzi, M.T. (2013). Effects of vermicompost and nitrogen on qualitative and quantitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 29(2), 269-280.
  18. Govahi, M., Ghalavand, A., Nadjafi, F. & Sorooshzadeh, A. (2016). Effects of different soil fertility systems on some physiological characteristics, yield and essential oil of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) under different irrigation regimes. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(2), 333-345.
  19. Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. & Rezaee Ghale, H. (2016). Effects of vermicompost and foliar application of amino acids and urea on quantitative and qualitative yield of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(6), 1058-1070.
  20. Harshavardhan, P. G., Vasundhara, M., Shetty, G. R., Nataraja, A., Sreeramu, B. S., Gowda, M. C. & Sreenivasappa, K. N. (2007). Influence of spacing and integrated nutrient management on yield and quality of essential oil in lemon balm (Mellisa officinalis L). Biomed, 2(3): 288-292.
  21. Kalyanasundaram, B., Kumar, T. S., Kumar, S. & Swaminathan, V. (2008). Effect of N, P, with biofertilizers and vermicompost on growth and physiological characteristics of sweet flag (Acorus calamus L.). Advances in Plant Science, 21(1), 323-326.
  22. Kapoor, R., Giri, B. & Mukerji, K. G. (2004). Improved growth and essential oil yield and quality in Foeniculum vulgare Mill on mycorrhizal inoculation supplemented with P-fertilizer. Bioresource Technology, 93, 307-311.
  23. Kazeminasab A., Yarnia, M., Lebaschi, M. H., Mirshekar B. & Rejali, F. (2016). Effects of vermicompost and biofertilizers on essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) under drought stress. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(4), 678-687.
  24. Khalesro, S., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. & Asgharzadeh, A. (2011). The effect of biological and organic inputs on quantity and quality of essential oil and some elements content of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(4), 551-560.
  25. Khalid, K. H. A., Hendawy, S. F. & El-Gezawy, E. (2006). Ocimum basilicum L. Production under Organic Farming. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciecnes, 2(1), 25-32.
  26. Loomis, W. D. & Corteau, R. (1972). Essential oil biosynthesis. Recently Advance Phytochem, 6, 147-185.
  27. Mafakheri, S., Omidbaigi, R., Sefidkon, F. & Rejali, F. (2012). Effect of vermicompost, biophosphate and azotobacter on quantity and quality of essential oil of Dracocephalum moldavica L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 27(4), 596-605.
  28. Mahfouz, S. A. & Sharaf Eldin, M. A. (2007). Effect of mineral vs. biofertilizer on growth, yield, and essential oil content of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). International Agrophisics, 21(4), 361-366.
  29. Makkizadeh, M., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Chaichi, M. & Khavazi, K. (2012). The Effect of organic, biologic and chemical fertilizers on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agriculture Science and Sustainable Production, 22(1), 1-12.
  30. Mohammadpour, R., Galavi, M., Ramroodi, M. & Fakheri, B. A. (2015). Effects of drought stress and biofertilizers inoculation on growth, yield and essential oil compositions of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.). Journal of Agroecology, 7(2), 237-253.
  31. Mondello, L., Zappia, G., Cotroneo, A., Bonaccorsi, I., Chowdhury, J. U., Yusuf, M. & Dugo, G. (2002). Studies on the essential oil-bearing plants of Bangladesh. Part VIII. Composition of some Ocimum oils O. basilicum L. var. purpurascens; O. sanctum L. green; O.sanctum L. purple; O. americanum L., citral type; O. americanum L., camphor type. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 17, 335-340.
  32. Moradi, R., Nasiri Mahallati, M., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., Lakzian, A. & Nejad Ali, A. (2011). The effect of application of organic and biological fertilizers on quantity and quality of essential oil in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare). Journal of Horticultural Science, 25(1), 25-33.
  33. Noorbakhsh, F., Chalavi, V. & Akbarpour, V. (2016). Effects of vermicompost and nitroxin on vegetative growth and some biochemical traits in (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Journal of Horticultural Science, 30(2), 178-184.
  34. Omidbaigi, R. (1997). Approaches to production and processing of medicinal plants. Tarrahane Nashr.
  35. Rashmi, K. R., Earanna, N. & Vasundhara, M. (2008). Influence of biofertilizers on growth, biomass and biochemical constituents of Ocimum gratissimum L.. Biomed, 3(2), 123-130.
  36. Razipour, P., Golchin, A. & Daghestani, M. (2016). Effects of different levels of cow manure and inoculation with nitroxin on growth and performance of Melissa officinalis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(5), 807-823.
  37. Sajjadi, S. E. (2006). Analysis of the essential oils of two cultivated basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) from Iran. Daru. 14(3), 128-130.
  38. Sajjadi Niaki, H., Darzi, M. T. & Haj Seyed Hadi, M. R. (2016). Effects of Vermicompst and Nitroxin biofertilizer on quantity and quality of Essential oil of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). Journal of Agroecology, 8(2), 241-250.
  39. Salehi, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F. & Asgharzade, A. (2011). The effect of zeolite, PGPR and vermicompost application on N, P, K concentration, essential oil content and yield in organic cultivation of German Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 27(2), 188-201.
  40. Salehi, A., Ghalavand, A., Sefidkon, F., Asgharzade, A. & Saeedi, K. (2016). Effects of zeolite, bio and organic fertilizers application on the growth, yield and yield components of German chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) in organic cultivation. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 32(2), 203-215.
  41. Saleh Rastin, N. (2001). Biofertilizers and their role in order to reach to sustainable agriculture. A compilation of papers of necessity for the production of biofertilizers in Iran. pp.1-54.
  42. Sefidkon, F. (2001). Evaluation of qualitative and quantitative essential oil fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) in different stages of growth. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 7, 85-104.
  43. Sharafzadeh, S., Ordookhani, K. & Naseri, S. (2012). Influence of different strains of Azotobacter on essential oil components of garden thyme. Technical Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2(9), 301-304.
  44. Sharma, A. K. (2002).  Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Agrobios, India.
  45. Singh, M. & Ramesh, S. (2002). Response of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) to organic and inorganic fertilizer in semi-arid tropical conditions. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Science, 24(4) 947-950.
  46. Sundarraju, D., Anbu, J., Reeta, R., Senthilkumar, K.L. & Anjana, A. (2014). Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract on leaves of Ocimum basilicum Linn. International Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 4(1), 194-200.
  47. Tahami, S. M. K., Rezvani Moghaddam, P. & Jahan, M. (2010). Comparison the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and essential oil percentage of Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Journal of Agroecology, 2(1), 70-82.
  48. Tehrani Sharif, H., Sharifi Ashoorabadi, E., Tajali, A. A. & Makkizadeh Tafti, M. (2015). Effect of plant nutrition systems on qualitative and quantitative yield of purple basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 31(2), 283-306.
  49. Wu, S. C., Caob, Z. H., Lib, Z. G., Cheunga, K. C. & Wong, M. H. (2005). Effects of biofertilizer containing N-fixer, P and K solubilizers and AM fungi on maize growth: A greenhouse trial. Geoderma, 125, 155-166. 
  50. Zaller, J. G. (2007). Vermicompost as a substitute for peat in potting media: Effects on germination, biomass allocation, yields and fruit quality of three tomato varieties. Scientica Horticulturae, 112, 191-199.
  51. Ziaei, M., Sharifi, M., Behmanesh, M. & Razavi, K. (2012). Gene expression and activity of phenyl alanine amonialyase and essential oil composition of Ocimum basilicum L. at different growth stages. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology, 10(1), 32-39.

 

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 12 دی 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اردیبهشت 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 09 اردیبهشت 1396

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار