ارزیابی تأثیر پرتوگاما بر آلودگی میکروبی و شاخص‌های کیفی سه رقم خرما (Phoenix dactylifera L.) در مدت انبارمانی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

خرما از جمله محصولات مهم باغی و راهبردی به ویژه صادراتی ایران است. حفظ کیفیت میوه و کاهش میزان آلودگی میکروبی و مدیریت و مهار (کنترل) آفات انباری از هدف‌های مهم انبارمانی خرماست. بدین منظور برای بررسی تأثیر پرتوگاما در ضدعفونی میوۀ خرما، پژوهشی بر یک رقم میوۀ نیمه‌خشک خرما 'پیارم' و دو رقم میوۀ خشک 'دیری' و 'زاهدی'به مدت 4 ماه در دمای °C2±25 انجام شد. میوه‌ها پس از برداشت، توسط اشعۀ گاما (kG 5،0،1،3) پرتودهی شدند. آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج آزمایش نشان داد، در هر سه رقم، میوه‌های تیمار شده نسبت به شاهد درصد کاهش وزن کمتر و فلاونوئید بالاتری نشان دادند. پرتودهی با افزایش دُز به‌طور قابل‌توجهی موجب بهبود کیفیت حسی در هر سه رقم شد. در هر سه رقم پرتودهی به‌طور معنی‌داری درصد آفت را مهار کرد. پرتودهی تأثیر قابل‌توجهی در مهار آلودگی قارچی خرمای رقم پیارم نداشت درحالی‌که در دو رقم دیگر با افزایش دُز پرتودهی، کاهش قابل‌توجهی در کاهش آلودگی قارچی مشاهده شد. در رقم دیری هیچ‌گونه آلودگی باکتریایی مشاهده نشد. در دو رقم دیگر نیز با افزایش شدت پرتودهی، آلودگی باکتریایی به‌طور قابل‌توجهی کاهش یافت. به‌طورکلی، مؤثرترین دُز پرتودهی در این پژوهش kG 5 مشاهده شد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد، پرتودهی گاما بسته به رقم نقش مؤثری در جلوگیری از آلودگی میکروبی و حفظ ویژگی‌های کیفی میوه دارد و می‌تواند برای افزایش کیفیت بهداشتی میوه‌ها و به‌عنوان یک روش ضدعفونی‌کننده در آینده در نظر گرفته شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment the effect of Gamma radiation on microbial contamination and quality index of three varieties of date Palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during storage

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saeideh Zarbakhsh 1
  • Somayeh Rastegari 2
  • Sedigheh Javanpour 3
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Bandar Abbas University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

Date palm is one of the important fruit in Iran. Maintain of fruit quality, reducing microbial contamination and control of pests are the main objects of date palm during storage. To determine the effect of gamma radiation on date palm, research on 'Piarom' as semi-dry date cultivar and 'Deiri' and 'Zahedi' as dry date cultivars were performed after storage for 4 months at 25±2°C. Fruit harvested and were irradiated by gamma radiation (0, 1, 3 and 5 kG doses). The factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with 3 replications was conducted. Result showed that in all three cultivars, treated fruits had lower water loss and higher flavonoid content. Treated fruits with highest doses of radiation showed better sensory quality and lower pest contamination. Irradiation had significant effect on control of microbial contamination in Deiri and Zahedi cultivars but had no effect on Piarom palm. Zahedi didn’t show any bacterial contamination and other cultivars also showed significant differences. In general, the best dose of irradiation in this study was 5 kG. Results indicated that gamma radiation can be considered for inhibiting microbial contamination and maintain quality of fruits. It can also be used as a technique of future definition.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Date
  • irradiation
  • Quality
  • storage

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 مهر 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 23 اسفند 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 30 اسفند 1395

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