تأثیر دور آبیاری و کاربرد سیلیسیم بر برخی ویژگی‌های مورفوفیزیولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی ریحان (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گیاهان دارویی، جهاد دانشگاهی کرمانشاه

2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان

3 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه

چکیده

با هدف تعیین تأثیر دور آبیاری و سیلیسیم بر رشد، عملکرد، میزان اسانس، فنل کل و ویژگی پاداکسندگی (آنتی­اکسیدانی) ریحان، این پژوهش در طی سال­های 1395-1394 در گلخانۀ پژوهشی دانشکدۀ کشاورزی دانشگاه لرستان انجام شد. آزمایش به‌‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی در چهار تکرار انجام شد. عامل‌ها شامل دور آبیاری در سه سطح 4، 7 و 9 روز (بر پایۀ میزان آب در خاک 90، 75 و 60 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و محلول­پاشی سیلیکات پتاسیم در سه سطح 0، 1 و 2 میلی‌مولار، به‌صورت هفتگی بود. نتایج بررسی‌ها نشان داد، افزایش فاصلۀ آبیاری باعث کاهش رشد و افزایش کارایی مصرف آب در بوته شد. سیلیسیم تأثیر خشکی را تعدیل و باعث بهبود رشد شد و کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم 2 میلی‌مولار باعث افزایش شاخص مقاومت به تنش شد. افزایش فاصلۀ آبیاری و کاربرد سیلیکات پتاسیم هر دو باعث افزایش میزان اسانس و فنل کل شدند. همچنین با افزایش فاصلۀ آبیاری ویژگی پاداکسندگی افزایش یافت و در فاصلۀ آبیاری نه روز و سیلیکات پتاسیم 2 میلی­مولار، بیشترین ویژگی پاداکسندگی گیاه به دست آمد. ضریب همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد، میزان اسانس با طول ریشه، فنل کل و شاخص مقاومت به تنش همبستگی مثبت و با غلظت کشندۀ 50 درصد (IC50) همبستگی منفی داشت. به­طورکلی افزایش فاصلۀ آبیاری باعث کاهش رشد و افزایش میزان اسانس و ویژگی پاداکسندگی شد. سیلیکات پتاسیم به‌ویژه با غلظت 2 میلی­مولار تأثیر نامناسب تنش خشکی را بر ویژگی­های رشدی تعدیل کرد و باعث افزایش میزان و عملکرد اسانس و ویژگی پاداکسندگی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of irrigation interval and silicon on some morpho-physiological and biochemical properties of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Mohamadnia 1
  • Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad 2
  • Sohbat Bahraminejad 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Department of ACECR Institute of Higher Education in Kermanshah, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Plant Breeding, Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of irrigation interval and silicon on growth, yield and oil content, total phenols and antioxidant activity of basil, an experiment was carried out at research greenhouse of Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Iran, in 2016. The research was carried out in pots as a factorial experiment based on a completely randomized design with four replications. Factors consisted of irrigation in three intervals of 4, 7 and 9 days (according to soil water content of 90%, 75% and 60% field capacity, respectively) and weekly foliar application of 0, 1 and 2 mM potassium silicate. Results showed that increasing irrigation interval decreased growth, and increased water use efficiency. Silicon alleviated the stress effects and improved growth parameters and application of 2 mM potassium silicate increased stress tolerance index. Both higher irrigation intervals and foliar application of silicon increased oil content and total phenols.Moreover, increasing irrigation intervals increased antioxidant activity and the maximum activity was found in plants irrigated every 9 d and foliar sprayed with 2 mM potassium silicate. Correlation coefficient indices showed that oil content had significant positive correlations with root length, total phenols and stress tolerance index and a negative correlation with IC50. Overall, results showed that increase in irrigation interval induced drought stress and consequently decreased the growth parameters measured in this experiment and application of potassium silicate alleviated the effects of drought and improved plant tolerance to drought stress and it increased oil content, oil yield and antioxidant activity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Antioxidant activity
  • Essential oil
  • Stress tolerance
  • total phenols
  • Water use efficiency
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