بررسی تغییرات آنزیمی و بیوشیمیایی در گیاه خیار تیمارشده با فسفیت پتاسیم در شرایط تنش قارچ Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

2 استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

3 استادیار، پژوهشکدۀ ژنتیک و زیست فناوری کشاورزی طبرستان، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 مربی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان تهران

چکیده

در این تحقیق تأثیر پنج سطح تیمار فسفیت پتاسیم (KH2PO3) روی القای مقاومت القایی فراگیر (سیستمیک) و فعالیت آنزیم‌های دفاعی و متابولیت‌های مرتبط در پنج زمان مختلف در گیاه خیار تلقیح‌شده با Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum در قالب آزمایش اسپلیت پلات در زمان بر پایۀ طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار بررسی شد. پس از القای تنش قارچی، فعالیت آنزیم‌های دفاعی شامل گایاکول پراکسیداز (GPX)، کاتالاز (CAT)، سوپراکسید دیسموتاز (SOD) و همچنین میزان متابولیت‌هایی چون مالون د‌آلدئید (MDA) و پراکسید هیدروژن (H2O2) در یک بازۀ زمانی یازده روزه بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد، در مقایسه با گیاهان شاهد، فعالیت همۀ آنزیم‌های دفاعی و متابولیت‌های مورد بررسی در نتیجۀ تیمارهای مختلف فسفیت پتاسیم و قارچ افزایش معنی‌داری یافته است. بیشترین میزان فعالیت آنزیم‌ CAT (protein 1- U mg7/18) در تیمار 4 گرم بر لیتر فسفیت پتاسیم (KPhi4)در روز پنجم پس از تلقیح با قارچ مشاهده شد که افزایش 81/2 برابری در مقایسه با شاهد (گیاه بدون تیمار قارچ) داشت. همچنین بیشترین فعالیت آنزیم‌های GPX(protein 1- U mg233) و SOD (protein 1- U mg8/10) به ترتیب با 21/2 و 45/1 برابر افزایش نسبت به شاهد، در روز سوم پس از تلقیح با قارچ و در تیمار KPhi4 مشاهده شد. از سوی دیگر میزان فعالیت H2O2 در بافت‌ها و نیز زمان آن با آنزیم‌های دفاعی CAT، GPX و SOD همخوانی داشته و افزایش آن‌ها با هم متوازن بوده که می‌تواند بیانگر تولید H2O2به‌عنوان پیش زمینۀ سنتز آنزیم‌های دفاعی باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد، میزان فعالیت MDA در تیمار  KPhi4کمتر از دیگر تیمارها بوده است که نشان‌دهندۀ کاهش آسیب بافتی و کنترل تقریبی بیماری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on enzymatic and biochemical changes in cucumber plant treated with potassium phosphite under Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-cucumerinum stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Heidarzade 1
  • Shahrokh Gharanjik 2
  • Ali Dehestani 3
  • Darioush Shahriari 4
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technolgy, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technolgy, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Genetics & Agricultural Biotechnology Institute of Tabarestan (GABIT), Iran
4 Instructor, Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Tehran Province, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this study, we evaluated the effects of five levels of potassium phosphite (KH2PO3) on Induced Systemic Resistance (ISR), and also defense related enzymes and metabolites activities during different days in cucumber plants inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum. The experiment was designed as a split-plot in time based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The activity of defense-related enzymes including, catalase (CAT), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and also the accumulation of secondary metabolites such as lipid peroxidation (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were evaluated in a period of 11 days after pathogen inoculation. Results revealed that defense enzymes activities and metabolites accumulations were significantly increased in plants treated with potassium phosphite in comparison to control. The highest concentration of CAT enzyme (18.7 U mg-1 protein) was measured in plants treated with 4 gr l-1 potassium phosphite (KPhi4) and 5 days after inoculation, that showed 2.81 fold increase in comparison with control (no inoculate with the pathogen). Also the highest concentration of enzymes GPX (233 U mg-1 protein) and SOD (10.8 U mg-1 protein) were recorded at 3 days after inoculation in plants treated with KPhi4 in comparison with control plants. Results showed that accumulation of H2O2 in plant tissues and it's time was in accordance with increasing of defense enzymes CAT, GPX and SOD and it would indicate that the H2O2 production is the prerequisite for production of defense-related enzymes. It was also revealed that MDA accumulation in KPhi4 treatment was less than other treatments, indicating reduced tissue damage and alleviated disease symptoms.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cucumber
  • defense enzymes
  • Fusarium oxysporum
  • potassium phosphite

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 05 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 10 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 تیر 1395

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