مقایسۀ ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و کیفی میوۀ برخی نژادگان‌های ازگیل ژاپنی (Eriobotrya japonica L.) گرگان

رحیم خانی, رخساره; وارسته, فریال; سیفی, اسماعیل

doi:10.22059/ijhs.2017.202399.961

مقایسۀ ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و کیفی میوۀ برخی نژادگان‌های ازگیل ژاپنی (Eriobotrya japonica L.) گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

² استادیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

³ دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

10.22059/ijhs.2017.202399.961

چکیده

ازگیل ژاپنی با نام علمی L. ‌Eriobotrya japonica به دلیل داشتن مقادیر بالای ترکیب‌های فنولی و پاداکسندگی (آنتی‌اکسیدانی) خاصیت ضد‌ سرطانی و ضدالتهابی داشته و در صنایع غذایی، پزشکی و دارویی کاربرد فراوان دارد. به‌منظور بررسی صفات کیفی میوه، بیست نژادگان (ژنوتیپ) ازگیل ژاپنی از مناطق مختلف شهر گرگان در استان گلستان انتخاب شدند. میوهها در زمان رسیدن کامل در بهار سال 1393 گردآوری و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و کیفی میوۀ آن‌ها ارزیابی شد. مقایسۀ میانگینها نشان داد، میزان فنول کل نژادگان‌ها بین 55/316- 95/131 میکروگرم اسیدگالیک بر گرم وزن تر، میزان فلاونوئید کل بین 91/87- 45/3 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر کوئرستین و ظرفیت پاداکسندگی بین 81/76- 05/11 درصد، میزان کاروتنوئید کل پوست میوه بین 39/18- 64/3 و کاروتنوئید کل گوشت میوه بین 08/5- 24/0 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر متغیر بود. بنابراین میزان کاروتنوئید کل گوشت میوه کمتر از پوست میوه بود. نژادگان 5 بیشترین L^* و b^*را داشت. نتایج نشان داد، میزان گلوکز بین 41/136- 86/41، فروکتوز 26/51- 04/16 و ساکارز 63/0- 07/0 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر متغیر بود. افزون بر این نژادگان‌های مورد بررسی از نوع گوشت سفید، و قند غالب در آن‌ها گلوکز بود. به‌طورکلی نژادگان 5، 14 و 9 به ترتیب بیشترین میزان فنول، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت پاداکسندگی را داشتند. در نهایت نتایجبه‌دست‌آمده از این تحقیق بیانگر بالا بودن میزان متابولیتهای ثانویه در میوۀ ازگیل ژاپنی است بنابراین این میوه میتواند در صنایع غذایی و دارویی بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2008482.1396.48.2.18.3

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of fruit biochemical and qualitative attributes of loquat genotypes (Eriobotrya japonica L.) of Gorgan

نویسندگان [English]

Rokhsareh Rahimkhani ¹
Feryal Varasteh ²
Esmaeil Seifi ³

¹ Former M.Sc. Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

² Assistant Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

³ Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica L.) is used abundantly in the food, medical and pharmaceutical industries due to high levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and having anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study fruit qualitative traits, 20 loquat genotypes from different regions of Gorgan in Golestan province were selected. The fruits of the genotypes were collected at ripening stage in spring, 2014 and their biochemical and qualitative attributes were assessed. The means comparison showed that the total phenol of the genotypes varied between 131.95-316.55 µg gallic acid/g FW, total flavonoids 3.45-87.91 µg quercetin/g FW, antioxidant capacity 11.05-76.81 %, total carotenoid of fruit skin 3.64-18.39 and total carotenoid of fruit flesh was 0.24-5.08 µg/g FW. Therefore, total carotenoid of fruit flesh was less than fruit skin. Genotype 5 had the highest L^* and b^*. The results showed that the amount of glucose, fructose and sucrose was varied between 41.86-136.41, 16.04-51.26 and 0.07-0.63 mg/g 100 FW, respectively. In addition, the assessed genotypes had a white flesh and glucose was the dominant sugar. As a whole, genotypes 5, 14 and 9 had the highest content of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the results of this research indicate the high content of secondary metabolites in the loquat fruit, thus the fruit can be more considered in food and medicinal industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

antioxidant capacity
Carotenoid
flavonoid
Food industry
Loquat
total phenol

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