مقایسۀ ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و کیفی میوۀ برخی نژادگان‌های ازگیل ژاپنی (Eriobotrya japonica L.) گرگان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی‌ارشد، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

2 استادیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

ازگیل ژاپنی با نام علمی L. ‌Eriobotrya japonica به دلیل داشتن مقادیر بالای ترکیب‌های فنولی و پاداکسندگی (آنتی‌اکسیدانی) خاصیت ضد‌ سرطانی و ضدالتهابی داشته و در صنایع غذایی، پزشکی و دارویی کاربرد فراوان دارد. به‌منظور بررسی صفات کیفی میوه، بیست نژادگان (ژنوتیپ) ازگیل ژاپنی از مناطق مختلف شهر گرگان در استان گلستان انتخاب شدند. میوه­ها در زمان رسیدن کامل در بهار سال 1393 گرد­آوری و ویژگی‌های بیوشیمیایی و کیفی میوۀ آن‌ها ارزیابی شد. مقایسۀ میانگین­ها نشان داد، میزان فنول کل نژادگان‌ها بین 55/316- 95/131 میکروگرم اسیدگالیک بر گرم وزن تر، میزان فلاونوئید کل بین 91/87- 45/3 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر کوئرستین و ظرفیت پاداکسندگی بین 81/76- 05/11 درصد، میزان کاروتنوئید کل پوست میوه بین 39/18- 64/3 و کاروتنوئید کل گوشت میوه بین 08/5- 24/0 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر متغیر بود. بنابراین میزان کاروتنوئید کل گوشت میوه کمتر از پوست میوه بود. نژادگان 5 بیشترین L* و b*را داشت. نتایج نشان داد، میزان گلوکز بین 41/136- 86/41، فروکتوز 26/51- 04/16 و ساکارز 63/0- 07/0 میلی‌گرم در 100 گرم وزن تر متغیر بود. افزون بر این نژادگان‌های مورد بررسی از نوع گوشت سفید، و قند غالب در آن‌ها گلوکز بود. به‌طورکلی نژادگان 5، 14 و 9 به ترتیب بیشترین میزان فنول، فلاونوئید و ظرفیت پاداکسندگی را داشتند. در نهایت نتایجبه‌دست‌آمده از این تحقیق بیانگر بالا بودن میزان متابولیت­های ثانویه در میوۀ ازگیل ژاپنی است بنابراین این میوه می­تواند در صنایع غذایی و دارویی بیشتر مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of fruit biochemical and qualitative attributes of loquat genotypes (Eriobotrya japonica L.) of Gorgan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rokhsareh Rahimkhani 1
  • Feryal Varasteh 2
  • Esmaeil Seifi 3
1 Former M.Sc. Student, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Loquat(Eriobotrya japonica L.) is used abundantly in the food, medical and pharmaceutical industries due to high levels of phenolic compounds and antioxidants and having anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study fruit qualitative traits, 20 loquat genotypes from different regions of Gorgan in Golestan province were selected. The fruits of the genotypes were collected at ripening stage in spring, 2014 and their biochemical and qualitative attributes were assessed. The means comparison showed that the total phenol of the genotypes varied between 131.95-316.55 µg gallic acid/g FW, total flavonoids 3.45-87.91 µg quercetin/g FW, antioxidant capacity 11.05-76.81 %, total carotenoid of fruit skin 3.64-18.39 and total carotenoid of fruit flesh was 0.24-5.08 µg/g FW. Therefore, total carotenoid of fruit flesh was less than fruit skin. Genotype 5 had the highest L* and b*. The results showed that the amount of glucose, fructose and sucrose was varied between 41.86-136.41, 16.04-51.26 and 0.07-0.63 mg/g 100 FW, respectively. In addition, the assessed genotypes had a white flesh and glucose was the dominant sugar. As a whole, genotypes 5, 14 and 9 had the highest content of phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the results of this research indicate the high content of secondary metabolites in the loquat fruit, thus the fruit can be more considered in food and medicinal industries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antioxidant capacity
  • Carotenoid
  • flavonoid
  • Food industry
  • Loquat
  • total phenol

مراجع

  1. Amoros, A., Zapata, P., Pretel, M. T., Botella, M. A. & Serrano, M. (2003). Physico- chemical and physiological changes during fruit development and ripening of five loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) cultivars. Food Science and Technology International, 9(1), 43-49.
  2. Ashournejad, M & Ghasemnezhad, M. (2012). Effects of cellophane-film packaging and cold storage on the keeping quality and storage life of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica L.). Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, 7(2), 95- 102. (In Farsi)
  3. Ashwell, G. (1957). Methods in enzymology; Eds. Colowick, SP and Kaplan NO, vol. 3. Academic Press, Inc., New York, 75.
  4. Baljinder, S., Seema, G., Dharmendra, K., Vikas, G. & Parveen, B. (2010). Pharmacological potential of Eriobotrya japonica: an overview. International Research Journal of Pharmacy, 1, 95-99.
  5. Barnes, J. D., Balaguer, L., Manrique, E., Elvira, S. & Davison, A. W. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for the extraction and determination of chlorophyll 'a' and 'b' in lichens and higher plants. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 32(2), 85-90.
  6. Cao, Sh., Yang, Zh. & Zheng, Y. (2013). Sugar metabolism in relation to chilling tolerance of loquat fruit. Food Chemistry, 136, 139-143.
  7. Cran, J.H. & Calderia, M.L. (2013). Loquat growing the Florida home landscape. IFAS extension. University of Florida.
  8. Ding, C. K., Chachin, K., Ueda, Y., Imahori, Y. & Wang, C. (2001). Metabolism of phenolic compounds during loquat fruit development. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49, 2883-2888.
  9. Ebrahimzade, M.A., Pourmorad, F. & Hafezi, S. (2008). Antioxidant activities of Iranian corn silk. Turkish Journal of Biology, 32, 43-49.
  10. Ercisli, S., Gozlekci, S., Sengul, M., Hegedus, A. & Tepe, S. (2012). Some physiochemical characteristics, bioactive content and antioxidant capacity of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) fruits from Turkey. Scientia Horticulturae, 148, 185-189.
  11. Farahnaky, A., Askari, H. & Mesbahi, G. H. (2009). The use of digital imaging for evaluating color changes of rutab during drying in a cabinet drier. Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology, 6(2), 43- 52. (in Farsi) 
  12. Fu, X., Kong, W., Peng, G., Zhou, J., Azam, M., Changjie, X., Grierson, D. & Kongsong, Ch. (2012). Plastid structure and carotenogenic gene expression in red- and white fleshed loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) fruits. Experimental Botany, 63, 341-354.
  13. Ghaderi Ghahfarokhi, M., Alami, M., Sadeghi Mahoonak, A., Ghorbani, M. & Azizi, M. (2011). Chemical composition and effect of thermal processing methods on polyphenol content of two Iranian acorn varieties. Journal of Food Research, 21(4), 421- 430. (In Farsi) 
  14. Ghasemnezhad, M., Ashour Nezhad, M. & Gerayloo, S. (2011). Change in postharvest quality of Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) fruit influence by chitosan. Horticulture, Environment and Biotechnology, 52(1), 40-45.
  15. Goulas, V., Minas, I.S., Kourdoulas, P.M., Vicente, A.R. & Manganaris, G.A. (2014). Phytochemical content, antioxidants and cell wall metabolism of two loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) cultivars under different storage regimes. Food Chemistry, 155, 227-234.
  16. Handel, E. V. (1968). Direct microdetermination of sucrose. Analytical Biochemistry. 22, 280-283.
  17. Hasegawa, P. N., Faria, A. F., Mercadante, A. Z., Chagas, E. A., Pio, R., Lajolo, F. M., Cordenusi, B. R. & Purgatto, E. (2010). Chemical composition of loquat cultivars planted in Brazil. Food Science and Technology, 30(2), 552-559.
  18. Hong, Y., Lin, S., Jiang, Y. & Ashraf, M. (2008). Variation in contents of total phenolics and flavonoids and antioxidant activities in the leaves of 11 Eriobotrya species. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 63, 200-204.
  19. Lin, S., Sharpe, R. H. & Janick, J. (1999). Loquat: botany and horticulture. Horticultural Reviews, 23, 233-276.
  20. Mesejo, C., Reig, C., Martinez-Fuentes, A. & Agusti, M. (2010). Parthenocarpic fruit production in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) by using gibberellic acid. Scientia Horticulturae, 126(1), 37-41.
  21. Miller, G. L. (1959). Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar. Analytical Chemistry, 31, 426-428.
  22. Omokolo, D. N., Tsala, N. & Djogoue, P. F. (1996). Change in carbohydrate, amino acid and phenol content in cocoa pods from three clones after infection with Phytophthora megakarya Bra and Grif. Annals of Botany, 77(2), 153-158.
  23. Pareek, S., Benkeblia, N., Janick, J., Cao, Sh. & Yahia, E. M. (2014). Postharvest physiology and technology of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) fruit. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 94(8), 1495-1504.
  24. Pinillos, V., Hueso, J., Marcon Filho, J. L. & Cuevas, J. (2011) Change in fruit maturity indices along the harvest season in ' Algerie ' loquat. Scientia Horticulturae, 129, 769-776.
  25. Rahemi, M. (2005). Postharvest, An introduction to the physiology & handling of fruit, vegetables & ornamentals. (5th ed). Shiraz University. 437pages. (iIn Farsi)
  26. Rahimkhani, R., Varasteh, F. & Seifi, E. (2016). Evaluation of genetic diversity in some loquat genotypes based on pomological characteristics in Golestan province. Journal of Plant Production Research, 23(1), 157-177. (in Farsi)
  27. Salehi, F. & Kashaninejad, M. (2014). Effect of different drying methods on rheological and textural properties of balangu seed gum. Drying Technology, 32, 720-727.
  28. Shao, X., Zhu, Y., Cao, Sh., Wang, H. & Song, Y. (2013). Soluble sugar content and metabolism as related to the heat- induced chilling tolerance of Loquat fruit during cold storage. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6, 3490-3498.
  29. Shariatifar, N., Kamkar, A., Shams Ardekani, M., Misaghi, A., Jamshidi, A. H. & Jahed Khaniki, G. H. (2012). Quantitative and qualitative study of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of plant pulicaria gnaphalodes. Ofegh-e-Danesh; Journal of Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, 17(4), 35- 41. (in Farsi)
  30. Tian, S., Qin, G. & Li, B. (2011). Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.). P 424-444, In: Yahia, E.M (ed), Postharvest biology and technology of tropical and subtropical fruits, Vol. 3, Woodhead publishing, UK.
  31. Toker, R., Golukcu, M., Tokgoz, H. & Tepe, S. (2013). Organic acids and sugar compositions of some loquat cultivars (Eriobotrya japonica L.) grown in Turkey. Journal of Agricultural Science, 19, 121-128.
  32. Uzun, A., Sedayo, U. & Turkay, C. (2012). Fruit quality parameters and molecular characterization of some loquat accessions. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44, 209-213.
  33. Wrolstad, R. E., Durst, R. W. & Lee, J. (2005). Tracking colour and pigment changes in anthocyanin products. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 16, 423-428.
  34. Xu, H. X. & Chen, J. W. (2011). Commercial quality, major bioactive compound content and antioxidant capacity of 12 cultivars of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) fruits. Journal Science of Food and Agriculture, 91, 1057-1063.
  35. Zhang, W., Zhao, X., Sun, Ch., Li, X. & Chen, K. (2015). Phenolic composition from different loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) cultivars grown in China and their antioxidant properties. Molecules, 20, 542-555.
  36. Zhou, C. H., Xu, C. J., Sun, C. D., Li, X. & Chen, K. S. (2007). Carotenoids in white- and red-fleshed loquat fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55, 7822-7830.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 16 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 مرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 05 مرداد 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار