نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور (سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- تهران)
2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج
3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد کرج
4 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور (سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- تهران)
5 کارشناس خبره، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور (سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی- تهران)
چکیده
به‌منظور بررسی صفات ریخت‌شناختی (مورفولوژیکی) و عملکرد اسانس، شمار 61 جمعیت گونۀ بابونۀ کبیرTanacetum parthenium (L) Schultz-bip. در شرایط مزرعه در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقاتی البرز مؤسسۀ تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور در سال 1392-1391 کشت شدند. صفات قطر طولی و عرضی تاج پوشش، سطح تاج پوشش، ارتفاع و شمار گل در بوته، زمان گلدهی و برداشت، وزن تر و خشک سرشاخه ، درصد و عملکرد اسانس، دمای تجمعی رشد روزانه (GDD) در زمان گلدهی و برداشت اندازهگیری شد. نتایج مقایسۀ میانگین صفات نشان داد که جمعیت 26500-همدان با وزن تر و خشک سرشاخه به ترتیب 15545 و 6218 کیلوگرم در هکتار، بیشترین عملکرد سرشاخه را داشت. تولید اسانس به ترتیب در جمعیت‌های14340- همدان با بازدۀ 03/1 درصد و جمعیت 27158- فومن با عملکرد اسانس 3/22 کیلوگرم در هکتار به دست آمد که نسبت به دیگر جمعیت‌ها برتری داشتند. جمعیت 29813- بویراحمد با کمترین دمای تجمعی رشد روزانه GDD (417 درجۀ سلسیوس) و کمترین زمان ظهور گل (65 روز) به‌عنوان جمعیت زودرس شناخته شدند. از نتایج این بررسی نتیجه‌گیری شد که جمعیت‌های زودرس عملکرد سرشاخه و اسانس بیشتری داشتند که از این ویژگی می‌توان در تولید رقم‌های مقاوم به خشکی برای زراعت دیم در مناطق کوه‌پایه‌ای البرز و زاگرس استفاده کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of morphological traits and essential oil yield of some populations of great chamomile (Tanacetum parthenium (L) Schultz-bip.)
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Ali Alizadeh 1
- Malieh Aslani 2
- Sayed Mehdi Miri 3
- Ali Ashraf Jafari 4
- Esmaiel Sayedian 5
1 Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland (Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization) P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran
2 Former M.Sc. Studfent, Facuty of Agriculture, Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Facuty of Agriculture, Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran
4 Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland (Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization) P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran
5 High Expert, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland (Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization) P.O. Box 13185-116, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
In order to evaluation of morphological traits and essential oil yield in wild chamomile (Tanacetum parthenium (L) Schultz-bip.), 61 populations were sown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in Alborz research station in Karaj, Iran during 2012-2014. Data were collected and analyzed for length and width of canopy diameter, plant height, number of flower, shoot fresh and dry weight, growth degree days (GDD), essential oil percentage and essential oil yield. Mean comparison of the traits showed that population of 26500- Hamadan with fresh -dry weight as (15545, 6218) kg/ha, respectively, had higher areal yield. The highest amount of essential oil percentage and essential oil yield with average values of 1.03% and 22.30 kg/ha were obtained in populations of 14340-Hamadan and 27158-Foman, respectively. Population of the 29813-Boyer Ahamad with 417◦C had lowest GDD and with (65 days to flowering) had lowest time of flowering. They were considered as early maturity population compare with other populations. From the result of this study, it was concluded that the earlier maturity populations with higher shoot yield coupled with higher both essential oil percentage and essential oil yield were recommended for produce new improved varieties and cultivation in dryland farming system in Alborz and Zagross regions, Iran.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Chamomile
- early maturity
- Phenology
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