واکنش رشد و عملکرد گیاه دارویی استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) به فاصلۀ کاشت و زمان برداشت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه فارماکوگنوزی و داروسازی، پژوهشکدۀ گیاهان دارویی جهاد دانشگاهی، تهران، ‌ایران

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف فاصلۀ کاشت (20، 25، 30 و 35×50 سانتی‌متر) و زمان برداشت (26 مرداد و 26 شهریورماه) بر ویژگی‌های رشد و عملکرد کمی و کیفی گیاه دارویی استویا (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در ایستگاه تحقیقات گروه مهندسی علوم باغبانی و فضای سبز دانشگاه تهران در سال زراعی 93-1392 انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد تأثیر فاصلۀ کاشت بر بیشتر صفات به‌جز ارتفاع گیاه، نسبت وزن برگ به ساقه و میزان سبزینه (کلروفیل)­ها معنی‌دار بود. با کاهش فاصلۀ کاشت از 35×50 به 20×50، وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی و برگ، عملکرد استویوزید و ربودیوزید A افزایش یافت. همچنین‌، تأثیر زمان برداشت بر همۀ صفات به‌جز میزان سبزینه‌ها معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین ارتفاع گیاه و قطر تاج پوشش،‌ وزن خشک اندام‌های هوایی، عملکرد استویوزید و ربودیوزید A در برداشت 26 شهریور و بیشترین نسبت برگ به ساقه در برداشت 26 مرداد بود. اثر متقابل تنها بر صفت وزن خشک برگ معنی‌دار بود و بیشترین وزن خشک برگ در برداشت 26 شهریور و فاصلۀ کشت 20 و 25×50 به دست آمد. صفت میزان سبزینه‌ها تحت تأثیر هیچ‌یک از تیمارها قرار نگرفت. به‌طورکلی می‌توان گفت فاصلۀ کشت 20 و 25×50 سانتی­متر و برداشت گیاه در 26 شهریورماه نسبت به دیگر تیمارها در منطقۀ مورد بررسی در کرج، نتیجۀ بهتری برای کشت و استقرار استویا داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Response of growth and yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) to planting space and harvesting time

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Tabrizi 1
  • Alireza Zavvari 2
  • Darab Yazdani 3
1 Assistant Professors, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 M. Sc. Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutic, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to investigate the effect of harvesting time (17 August and 17 September) and planting space (20, 25, 30 and 35 × 50 cm) on growth criteria, quantitative and qualitative yield of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in Research Station of Department of Horticultural Science and Landscape Engineering, University of Tehran during years of 2013-2014. Based on results, planting space significantly affected the most measured traits except plant height, leaf to stem ratio and chlorophyll content. By decreasing of planting space from 35×50 to 20×50 cm, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and leaf and yield of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A were increased. Also, harvesting time significantly affected the measured traits except chlorophyll content in which the highest plant height and diameter, fresh and dry weight of the aerial part and yield of Stevioside and Rebaudioside A were obtained at 17 September. Harvesting at 17 August caused the highest leaf to stem ratio. The interaction effect of planting space and harvesting time significantly affected leaf dry weight in which the highest leaf dry weight obtained by the planting space 20×50 cm and 25×50 cm at 17 September. There was no significant effect on chlorophyll content. In general, based on these results, planting space of 20 and 25 × 50 cm and harvesting time at 17 September compared to other treatments pronounced better for cultivation of Stevia in studied area of Karaj.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Medicinal plant
  • Plant density
  • rebaudioside A
  • stevioside

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 دی 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 04 خرداد 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 22 خرداد 1395

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