تأثیر بسته‌بندی نانو سیلیکات و پلی‌اتیلن بر ویژگی‌های کیفی و ماندگاری میوۀ خرمالو (Diospyros kaki Thunb)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

3 استادیار، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه زنجان

4 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شاهد تهران

چکیده

عمر کوتاه و حساسیت به سرمازدگی بزرگ‌ترین مشکل پس از برداشت رقم‌های خرمالو است. از جمله تیمارهای مؤثر در افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت میوه­ها استفاده از فناوری نانو است. در این پژوهش تأثیر به کارگیری ظرف‌های نانو سیلیکات، ظرف‌های پلی­اتیلن معمولی و بدون بسته­­بندی (شاهد) بر حفظ خواص کیفی میوۀ خرمالو رقم کرج در چهل روز انبارداری آن در دمای 1 درجۀ سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 95-90 درصد بررسی شد. در مدت­های 20 و 40 روز میوه­ها از انبار سرد خارج و پس از سه روز نگهداری در دمای معمولی به‌عنوان عمر قفسه­ای ویژگی­هایی همانند شاخص سرمازدگی، درصد کاهش وزن، سفتی بافت میوه، مواد جامد محلول­ کل، اسید قابل عیارسنجی (تیتراسیون)، میزان آسکوربیک اسید، محتوای تانن محلول، کاروتنوئید کل، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت پاداکسندگی (آنتی­اکسیدانی) کل اندازه­گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد، بسته­بندی نانو در هر دو مدت انبارداری در مقایسه با ظرف‌های پلی‌اتیلن معمولی و شاهد موجب حفظ بهتر خواص کیفی، میزان آسکوربیک اسید، میزان تانن محلول، فلاونوئید کل و فعالیت پاداکسندگی میوه در دورۀ انبارداری شد. همچنین میوه‌های خرمالوی بسته‌بندی‌شده با نانو سیلیکات کمترین شاخص سرمازدگی (01/0 درصد)، کاهش وزن (32/1 درصد) و بیشترین میزان سفتی (33/5 نیوتن بر سانتی­مترمربع) را داشتند. بنابراین استفاده از ظرف‌های حاوی نانو ذرات در افزایش ماندگاری پس از برداشت و حفظ کیفیت میوۀ خرمالو مؤثرتر بوده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of nano-silicate and polyethylene packaging on quality and storage life of persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb) fruit

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fahime Nasr 1
  • Vali Rabiei 2
  • Farhang Razavi 3
  • Orang Khademi 4
1 M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran Shahed, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Short postharvest life and susceptibility to chilling are the most important problems of persimmon fruit cultivars. Use of nanotechnology is one of the most effective ways to extend storage life of fruits. In this study, effect of different packaging material including nano-silicate, polyethylene and control (without packaging) on quality and antioxidant properties of persimmon fruits cv. Karaj was investigated during 40 days of postharvest storage at 1 ºC and 90-95% relative humidity. The fruits were removed after 20 and 40 days of cold storage and subsequently held at ambient temperature for three days (shelf life), and were analyzed for chilling injury index, weight loss, flesh firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), ascorbic acid, soluble tannin, total flavonoids, total carotenoid contents and total antioxidant activity. The results showed that nano-packaging maintained quality attributes of ascorbic acid, soluble tannin, total flavonoids, total carotenoid contents and total antioxidant activity for longer period than polyethylene packaging and controls. Also, nano- packaged persimmon fruits had the least chilling index (0.01%), weight loss (1.32%) and the most flesh fruit firmness (5.33N/cm2). Therefore use of nano-packaging is beneficial for quality maintaining and postharvest life of persimmon fruit during storage.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • flavonoid
  • nanocomposite
  • persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb)
  • soluble tannin
  • total antioxidant

مراجع

  1. Arnal, L. & Del Rio, M. (2004). Effect of cold storage and removal astringency on quality of persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki L) cv. Rojo Brillante. Food Science and Technology, 10, 179-185.
  2. Asghari, M. R., Hajitagilo. & Jalilimarandi, R. (2009). Postharvest application of salicylic acid before coating with chitosan affects the pattern of quality changes in table grape during cold storage. In: Proceedings of 16th International Postharvest Symposium, Antalya, Turkey, pp.8-12.
  3. Ashournezhad, M. & Ghasemnezhad, M. (2012). Effects of cellophane-film packaging and cold storage on the keeping quality and storage life of loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica). Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences & Food Technology, 2, 95-102. (in Farsi)
  4. Bagheri, M., Esna-Ashari, M. & Ershadi, A. (2015). Effect of postharvest calcium chloride treatment on the storage life and quality of persimmon fruits (Diospyros kaki Thunb) cv. Karaj. Horticultural Science and Technology, 2, 15-26.
  5. B-Gol, N., Patel, R., Rao, P. & Ramana, T. V. (2013). Improvment of quality and shelf life of strawberries with edible coatings enriched with chitosan.Postharvest Biology and Technology, 85, 185-195.
  6. Brody, A. L. (2006). Nanotechnology food packaging. Food Technology, 3, 92-94.
  7. Damm, C., Neumann, M. & Munstedt, H. (2007). Properties of nanosilver coatings on polymethyl methacrylate. Soft Mater, 3, 71-88.
  8. Dehghan, J. & Khoshkam, Z. (2012). Tin (II)–quercetin complex: Synthesis, spectral characterisation and antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry, 131, 422-426.
  9. Egert, M. & Tevini, M. (2002). Influence of drought on some physiological parameters symptomatic for oxidative stress in leaves of chives (Allium schoenoprasum). Envirimental and Experimental Botany, 48, 43-49.
  10. Fiorentin, A., Dabrosca, B., Pacifico, S., Mastellone, C., Scognamiglio, M. & Monaco, P. (2009). Identification and assessment of antioxidant capacity of phytochemicals from kiwi fruits. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 57, 4148-4155.
  11. Fry, S. C. (1998). Oxidative scission of plant cell wall polysaccharides by ascorbate-induced hydroxyl radicals. Biochemistry Journal, 322, 507-515.
  12. Han, J., Tian, S. P., Meng, X. H. & Ding, Z. H. (2006). Response of physiologic metabolism and cell structures in mango fruits to exogenous methyl salicylate under low temperature stress. Physiologia Plantarum, 128, 125-133.
  13. Hebert, C., Charles, M. T., Gauthier, L., Willemot, C., Khanizadeh, S. & Cousineau, J. (2002). Strawberry proanthocyanidins: biochemical markers for Botrytis cinerea resistance and shelf-life predictability. Acta Horticulturae, 567, 659-662.
  14. Hernandez-Munoz, P., Almenar, E., Valle, V. D. Velez, D. & Gavara, R. (2008). Effect of chitosan coating combined with postharvest calcium treatment on strawberry (Fragaria ananasa) quality during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry, 110, 428-435.
  15. Hu, A. W., Fu, Z. H. (2003). Nano technology and its application in packaging and packaging machinery. Packaging Engineering, 24, 22-24.
  16. Hu, O., Fang, Y., Yang, Y., Ma, N. & Zhao, L. (2011). Effect of nanocomposite-based packaging on postharvest quality of ethylene-treated kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) during cold storage. Food Research International Journal, 44, 1589-1596.
  17. Iranzo, B., Pertegaz, J. C. & Balsalobre, A. P. (1984). Characterization and measurement of astringency and tannin content in Rojo Brillanteg persimmon quality and systems. Acta Horticulturae, 601, 227-231.
  18. Jalilimarandi, R. (2004). Postharvest Physiology (Handling and storage of fruits, vegetables and ornamental plants). Publishers Jihad Urmia University. (2nd ed.). p. 276. (in Farsi)
  19. Kaijv, M., Sheng, L. & Chao, C. (2006). Antioxidation of flavonoids of Green Rhizome. Food Science and Technology, 27, 110-115.
  20. Khademi, O., Zamani, Z., Mostofi, Y., Kalantari, S. & Ahmadi, A. (2012). Extending storability of persimmon fruit cv. Karaj by postharvest application of salicylic acid. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 14, 1067-1074.
  21. Lagaron, M. (2006). Food engineering and ingredients. Food Chemestry, 2, 50-51.
  22. Ling, Z., Sining, L. V., Guiping, He., Qiang, He. & Bi, Shi. (2011). Effect of PE/Ag₂O nanopackaging on the quality of apple slices. Journal of Food Quality, 34, 171-176.
  23. Li, H., Li, F., Wang, L., Sheng, J., Xin, Z., Zhao, L., Xiao, H., Zheng, Y. & Hu, Q. (2009). Effect of nano-packing on preservation quality of Chinese jujube. Food Chemistry, 114, 547-562.
  24. Manning, K. (1993). Soft fruit [A]. In Biochemistry of fruit ripening. (pp. 347-373). London: Chapman and Hall.
  25. Martínez-Romero, D., Alburquerque, N., Valverde, J. M., Guillén, F., Castillo, S., Valero, D. & Serrano, M. (2006). Postharvest sweet cherry quality and safety maintenance by Aloe vera treatment: a new edible coating. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 39(1), 93-100.
  26. Meng, X., Li, B., Liu, J. & Tian, S. (2007). Physiological responses and quality attributes of table grape fruit to chitosan preharvest spray and postharvest coating during storage. Food Chemistry, 106, 501-508.
  27. Mirdehghan, S. H., Rahemi, M., Castillo, S., Martinez-Romero, D., Serrano, M. & Valero, D. (2007). Pre-storage application of polyamines by pressure or immersion improves shelf life of pomegranate stored at chilling temperature by increasing endogenous polyamine levels. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 44(1), 26-33.
  28. Muhammad, J. A., Sigh, Z. & Ahmad, S. Kh. (2009). Postharvest Aloe vera gel-coating modulates fruit ripening and quality of 'Arctic Snow' nectarine kept in ambient and cold storage. International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 44, 1024-103.
  29. Oz, A. T. (2011). Combined effects of 1-methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on different ripening stages of persimmon fruit during storage. African Journal of Biotechnology, 31, 807-814.
  30. Ortuno, A., Reynaldo, I., Fuster, M. D., Botia, J., Puig, D. J., Sabater, F., Lindon, A. Q., Porras, I. & Del Rio, J. L. (1997). Citrus cultivars with high flavonoid contents in the fruits. Sicentia Horticulturae, 68, 231-236.
  31. Rodrigues, A. S., Perez-Gregorio, M., Falcon, M. G., Gandara, J. S. & Almeida, D. P. (2010). Effect of post-harvest practices on flavonoid content of red and white onion cultivars. Food Control, 21, 878-884.
  32. Salvador, A., Arnal, L., Monterde, A. & Cuquerella, J. (2004). Reduction of Chilling Injury Symptoms in Persimmon Fruit cv.Rojo Brillante by 1-MCP. Postharvest Biology and technology, 33, 285-291.
  33. Silvestre, C. & Duraccio, D. (2011). Food packaging based on polymer nano-materials. Polymer Science Journal, 110, 775-795.
  34. Sanchis, E., Gonzalez, S., Ghidelli, Ch., Sheth, C., Mateos, M., Palou, L. & Perez-Gago, M. B. (2015). Browning inhibition and microbial control in fresh-cut persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb. cv. Rojo Brillante) by apple pectin-based edible coatings. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 112, 186-193.
  35. Spinardi, A. M. (2005). Effect of harvest date and storage on antioxidant systems in pears. Acta Horticulturae, 682, 1125-1134.
  36. Taira, S. (1996). Linskens, H. F. & Jackson, J. F (Eds). Astringency in Persimmon. In: "Modern Method of Plant Analysis, Fruit Analysis". (pp. 97-110.) Springer-Verlang, Berlin.
  37. Taira, S., Ono, M. & Matsumoto, N. (1997). Reduction of persimmon Astringency by complex formation between pectin and tannin. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 12, 265-271.
  38. Utracki, L. A. (2004). Clay-containing polymeric nanocomposites, Vols. 1 and 2 (pp.206-318) Rapra Technology.
  39. Wang, L., Chen, S., Kong, W., Li, S. & Archbold, D. D. (2006). Salicylic acid pretreatment alleviates chilling injury and affects the antioxidant system and heat shock protein of peaches during cold storage. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 41, 224-251.
  40. Wang, Z., Ying, T., Bao, B. & Huang, X. (2005). Characteristics of fruit ripening in tomato mutant epi. Journal of Zhejiang University Science, 6, 502-207.
  41. Yaman, O. & Bayoindirli, L. (2002). Effects of an edible coating and cold storage on shelf life and quality of cherries. Lebensmittel- Wissenchaft and Technologie, 35, 146-150.
  42. Yang, F. M., Li, H. M., Li, F., Xin, Z. H., Zaho, L. Y., Zheng, Y. H. & Hu, Q. H. (2010). Effect of nano packing on preservation quality of fresh strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch. cv Fengxiang) during Storage at 4 ºC. Journal of Food Science, 75, 236-240.
  43. Zandi, K. H., Weisany, W., Ahmadi, H., Bazargan, I. & Naseri, L. (2013). Effect of nanocomposite-based packaging on postharvest quality of strawberry during storage. Environment Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 2(5), 28-36.
  44. Zandinavgaran, Kh., Naseri, L. & Esmaiili, M. (2014).Effect of packaging material containing nano-silver and silicate clay particles on postharvest quality attributes of sweet cherry cv. Syaahe Mashhad. Iranian Journal Food Science and Technology, 24, 89-102. (in Farsi)
  45. Zhou, L., Sining, L. V., Guiping, H. E., Qiang, H. E. & Bi, Shi. (2011). Effect of PE/AG2O nano-packaging on the quality of apple slices. Journal of Food Quality, 34, 171-176.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 17 مرداد 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 آبان 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 17 آبان 1395

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار