بررسی کمی و کیفی اسانس نه جمعیت کشت‌شده Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه فیتوشیمی

2 استاد، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

3 استادیار، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

4 دانشیار، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

چکیده

جنس آنتمیس متعلق به تیرۀ کاسنی و 23 گونۀ بومی در ایران دارد که اندام هوایی گونه‌های آن حاوی اسانس و دارای ارزش دارویی ‌می­باشند. برای بررسی ترکیب‌ها اسانس Anthemis pseudocotula  بذر نه جمعیت از مناطق مختلف گرد‌آوری و در ایستگاه تحقیقات البرز کشت شد. در مرحلۀ گلدهی از سرشاخه‌های گلدار نمونه تهیه و با استفاده از روش تقطیر با آب اسانس‌گیری شدند. برای شناسایی ترکیب اسانس‌ها از دستگاه فام­نگار گازی استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که بازدۀ اسانس بین جمعیت‌ها بین 2/0 در زنجان تا 03/0 درصد در گلستان1 متغیر است. 32 ترکیب در هشت جمعیت شناسایی شد که در جمعیت‌ها متفاوت بودند. از مهم‌ترین ترکیب‌ها می‌توان به بتا-توجون (به ترتیب گلستان2، گلستان3، تهران، یزد، بوشهر و گلستان1 برابر 9/62، 36، 1/33، 1/26 ، 4/20 و 9/13 درصد)، سیس-بتا-فارنزن (به ترتیب بوشهر، جمعیت 29717، یزد، گلستان3، زنجان، تهران و گلستان1 برابر 1/38، 9/21، 16، 7/15، 4/14، 3/13 و 2/12 درصد) و کاریوفیلن اکسید (به ترتیب یزد، گلستان1 و 29717 برابر 4/20، 1/20 و 7/17درصد) نام برد. شماری‌ از ترکیب‌های خاص یک جمعیت بوده به‌طوری‌که ترکیب‌های میرسن، سیس-بتا-اسیمن، دی هیدرو کاروئول، میرتنول و هومولن اپوکساید در جمعیت زنجان، کامفور در گلستان، (ای-ای) آلفا- فارنزن در بوشهر و 1, 8 – سینئول در جمعیت‌های گلستان 2 و زنجان دیده شد. نتایج تجزیۀ خوشه‌ای هشت جمعیت را به سه دستة تقسیم کرد. جمعیت زنجان با درصد بالای آلفا-ترپینئول و میرسن در یک دستة و دیگر جمعیت‌ها به دلیل مقادیر متفاوت بتا-توجون، سیس-بتا-فارنزن، کاریوفیلن اکساید و بتا-پینن در گروه‌های دیگری قرار گرفتند. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Essential oil content and composition of nine cultivated accessions of Anthemis pseudocotula Boiss.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Keneshloo 1
  • Fatemeh Sefidkon 2
  • Mohammad ali Alizadeh 4
1 MSc student, phytochemical Department, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch
2 Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelans
4 Associate Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelans
چکیده [English]

Anthemis with 39 native species belongs to Asteraceae family. Essential oils of the flowers, leaves and stems with special components are used in pharmaceutical industries. In order to study essential oil content and composition of different accessions of Anthemis pseudocotula, the seeds were collected from provinces of Golestan, Yazd, Semnan, Tehran, Zanjan and Bushehr and were sown at Alborz experimental station. In addition to terminated flower bearing shoots at flowering stage, whole sample flower bearing shoots of A. pseudocotula were sampled and their essential oil were extracted byhydro-distillation method and analyzed and identified by GC and GC/MS. Results of essential oil analysis of different accessions showed that essential oil yields of Zanjan and Golestan 1 were 0.2% and 0.03 %, respectively. Thirty-two components were recognized in eight accessions that were different in number, type and percentage. Their main components were β-thujone (Golestan 2, Golestan 3, Tehran, Yazd, Bushehr and Golestan 1 were 62.9%, 36%, 33.1%, 26.1%, 20.4% and 13.9% respectively), Z-β- farnesene (Bushehr, code 29717, Yazd, Golestan 3, Zanjan, Tehran and Golestan 1 were 38.1%,21.9%,16%,15.7%,14.4%,13.3% and 12.2% % respectively), and caryophyllene oxide (Yazd, Golestan 1 and code 29717 were 20.4%, 20.1% and 17.7% respectively).  Some components belonged to specific accession, so that myrcene, Z - β-ocimene, dihydro carveol, myrtenol and caryophyllene oxide in Zanjan, camphor in Golestan, (E,E) –α- farnesene in Bushehr and 1,8-cineole in Golestan and Zanjan accessions. Based on the results, in order to gain some components with high percentage, we need to select specific accessions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Anthemis pseudocotula
  • Essential oil
  • population
  • shoots flower

مراجع

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 اردیبهشت 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 14 شهریور 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 شهریور 1394

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