تأثیر نوع بستر و مدت کمپوست‌سازی بر بازدۀ زیست‌توده و ویژگی‌های کیفی قارچ دکمه‌ای (Agaricus bisporus)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان

2 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه گیلان

3 مربی، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات برنج کشور

چکیده

به­منظور بررسی تأثیر مدت کمپوست­سازی بر افزایش بازدۀ زیست‌توده (بیوماس) و بهبود برخی خواص کیفی قارچ دکمه­ای (Agaricus bisporus) در بستر­های مختلف ناشی از ضایعات کشاورزی، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی با دوازده ترکیب تیماری (شش نوع بستر و دو تیمار مدت کمپوست­سازی) در سه تکرار به اجرا درآمد. تیمارهای مورد استفاده در این آزمایش شامل بسترهای حاوی کلش گندم و کلش برنج به‌عنوان مادۀ اصلی و مکمل­های کود مرغی، تفالۀ زیتون و کود اسبی و دو مدت کمپوست­سازی (کوتاه‌مدت (16 روزه) و بلندمدت (22روزه)) بودند. بستر حاوی کلش برنج و کود مرغی بیشترین میانگین (18/67 درصد) را ازنظر بازدۀ زیست‌توده داشتند. قارچ‌های ناشی از بستر کلش برنج و تفالۀ زیتون بیشترین مادۀ خشک (73/8 درصد) را داشتند، درحالی‌که قارچ­های مربوط به بستر کلش گندم و تفالۀ زیتون بیشترین نیتروژن (63/6 درصد)، پروتئین (46/41 درصد) و ظرفیت پاداکسندگی (آنتی‌اکسیدانی) (4/54 درصد) را تولید کردند. قارچ­های تولیدشده در بستر کلش برنج و کود اسبی بیشترین خاکستر (83/9 درصد) را داشتند. قارچ­های رشد یافته در روش کوتاه­مدت ازنظر بازدۀ زیست‌توده بیشترین میانگین (41/42 درصد) را نشان دادند. بر پایۀ نتایج این آزمایش از لحاظ اقتصادی توصیه می­شود در استان­های شمالی کشور به­ویژه گیلان، بستر کلش برنج و کود مرغی برای تولید قارچ دکمه­ای استفاده شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of substrate and composting duration on biological efficiency and quality properties of Button Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Ramezani 1
  • Jamal-Ali Olfati 2
  • Teimor Razavipor 3
1 Former M. Sc. Student, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Iran
3 Instructor, Rice Research Institute of Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to evaluate the effect of substrate and composting duration on biological efficiency and improve some quality properties of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) at different substrates from agricultural waste, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design was done with twelve treatment combinations (six substrates and two composting durations) with three replications. Treatments used in the experiment consisted of substrates including wheat straw and rice straw as the main material and chicken manure, olive bagasse and horse manure as additives, and two composting durations (short (16 days) and long (22 days)). Substrate prepared from rice straw and chicken manure had the highest biological efficiency (67.18 %). Substrate prepared from rice straw and olive bagass had the highest dry matter (8.73 %), while mushrooms obtained from substrate prepared from wheat straw and olive bagasse had the highest nitrogen (6.63 %), protein (41.46 %) and antioxidant capacity (54.4 %). Mushrooms produced in substrate prepared from rice straw and horse manure had the most ash (9.83 %). Mushrooms grown in short method produced compost had the greatest biological efficiency (42.41 %). Based on this experiment rice straw and chicken manure were the better economically substrate for button mushroom compost preparation in the northern provinces of Iran especially Guilan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • antioxidant capacity
  • compost
  • protein
  • total phenolics

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 25 خرداد 1394
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 16 مرداد 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 شهریور 1394

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