نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان قزوین، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
2 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی- باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان‌غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ایران
چکیده
حفاظت و جلوگیری از خروج غیرقانونی ذخایر ژنتیکی (ژرمپلاسم) انگور به‌عنوان مهم‌ترین سرمایههای کشور، نیازمند شناسه‌دار کردن رقمهای تجاری و بومی و ثبت آنها در مراکز بین‌المللی است. این پروژه برای تمایز و ارزیابی مهم‌ترین رقمهای تجاری انگور ایران (فخری، پیکانی کاشمر، خوشناو، ریش‌بابای سفید و قرمز، بیدانۀ سفید و قرمز، شاهرودی، شصت عروس، یاقوتی، عسکری و میش پستان) بر پایۀ صفتهای ریخت‌شناختی (مورفولوژیک) یا ساختار ظاهری و فیزیولوژیک با هدف ثبت آنها در مرکز بین‌المللی حفاظت از رقمهای گیاهی (UPOV) در استان‌های قزوین و آذربایجان غربی انجام شد. صفتهای رویشی و زایشی بنا بر دستورکار آزمون‌های تمایز، یکنواختی و پایداری (DUS) طی دو سال در قالب طرح آماری بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اندازهگیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد صفتهای کمی یا کیفی به تنهایی قادر به تمایز رقمهای انگور موردبررسی از یکدیگر نیستند. لیکن استفاده از ترکیب برخی از ویژگیهای کمی و کیفی به‌عنوان صفتهای کلیدی،کارایی کامل دارد. به‌طوری‌که با کاربرد امتیازهای یازده صفت شامل شمار پیچکهای متوالی، شکل پهنک برگ کامل، مقطع عرضی برگ کامل، شمار پارپهنک (lobe)، شکل دندانه، زمان آغاز رسیدن حبه، اندازه، شکل و رنگ پوست حبه، میزان آنتوسیانین گوشت و تشکیل دانه، به‌عنوان یک "گیاه کد" و یا بروز چهار صفت شامل رنگ میوه، تشکیل دانه، طول پیچک و مقطع عرضی برگ کامل، رقم‌ها به‌طور دقیق از همدیگر متمایز شدند. بنابراین ثبت صفتهای ظاهری، راهکاری ساده و مناسب برای جداسازی رقمهای انگور است و جز در موارد خاص، نیاز به انگشت‌نگاری ژنتیکی نیست.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Identification, distinctness and registration of commercial and native grape cultivars of Iran
نویسندگان [English]
- Mohammad Ali Nejatian 1
- Hamed Doulati Baneh 2
1 Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, Qazvin Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Qazvin, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Horticulture Crops Research Department, West Azerbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]
Protection and the prevention of illegal departures national grape germplasm, as one of the most important assets of the country, requires identification of the commercial and native cultivars and registered them in the international centers. The present project was conducted in order to registration the most important grape cultivars of Iran based on morphological and physiological traits in the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV).This research was run in Qazvin and West Azerbaijan provinces on cultivar of Fakhri, Pykamy, Khvshnav, RishBaba Sefid, RishBaba Ghermez, Sefid Bidaneh, Shahrodi, Shast Arous, Yaghoti, Askari, Ghermez Bidaneh and Mish Pestan. Fifty traits were measured based on Guidelines for the conduct of tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability (DUS) in grapes cultivars during two years. Results showed application of quantitative or qualitative traits was unable to distinguish from together all the grape varieties studied. But the combination of some qualitative and quantitative properties as the key attributes yielded the full performance in distinguishing varieties. As cultivars were completely distinguished, only with application of rates of eleven qualitative and quantitative traits such as number of consecutive tendrils, shape of blade, profile in cross section, number of lobes, shape of teeth, ripening, seed formation (as a plant code) or presentation of four characters, including fruit color, seed formation, profile in cross section and tendril length. On this basis, can be stated that registration of qualitative and quantitative traits is the best practice to distinguish grape varieties from each other and perhaps, does not require to measurements genetic fingerprinting in except of certain cases.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- registrational genetic reserves
- plant code
- vegetative and reproductive traits
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