بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی آهن بر برخی فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی و نورساختی گیاه ریحان مقدس (Ocimum sanctum)

محمودی سورستانی, محمد; مقدم, امل; فرخیان فیروزی, احمد

doi:10.22059/ijhs.2016.59816

بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی آهن بر برخی فراسنجه‌های بیوشیمیایی و نورساختی گیاه ریحان مقدس (Ocimum sanctum)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ استادیار، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

² دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

10.22059/ijhs.2016.59816

چکیده

ریحان مقدس (Ocimum sanctum) یکی از مهمترین گیاهان دارویی تیرۀ نعناعیان است. به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلولپاشی آهن بر میزان آهن جذب‌شده، سبزینه (کلروفیل) و فراسنجه‌های نورساختی (فتوسنتزی) ریحان مقدس، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 91-1392 در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز بر پایۀ طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی در شش تیمار و سه تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل: شاهد (بدون محلول‌پاشی)، محلول‌پاشی با کلات آهن (1 و 5/1 گرم در لیتر) و نانوکلات آهن (5/0، 1 و 5/1 گرم در لیتر) بودند. نتایج نشان داد، کاربرد محلولپاشی کود آهن بر صفات میزان آهن و سبزینه برگ، نرخ هدایت روزنه‌ای، تعرق، نورساخت خالص و کارایی مصرف نور در سطح احتمال 1 درصد معنیدار بود. بیشترین میزان آهن جذب‌شده، هدایت روزنه‌ای، نرخ تعرق و کارایی مصرف نور در تیمار محلولپاشی 1 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات آهن مشاهده شد. همچنین بیشترین میزان سبزینه، کاروتنوئید و نرخ نورساخت خالص در تیمار محلول‌پاشی 5/1 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات آهن بهدست آمد. کمترین میزان صفات یادشده در تیمار شاهد مشاهده شد. ترکیب غالب اسانس گیاه شامل اوژنول، 1،8- ‌سینئول و متیل‌کاویکول بود. بر پایۀ نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، برای بهبود صفات یادشده، محلول‌پاشی 1 گرم در لیتر نانوکلات آهن پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.2008482.1395.47.3.15.5

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of foliar application of iron on some biochemical and photosynthetic characteristics of Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum)

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Mahmoodi Sourestani ¹
Emel Moghadam ²
Ahmad Farrokhian Firoozi ¹

¹ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

² M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

چکیده [English]

Holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) is one of the important medicinal plant belongs to Lamiaceae family. In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of iron on iron and chlorophyll contents and photosynthetic parameters of holy basil, an experiment was conducted at research farm of Department of Horticultural Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz based on randomized complete block design, with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were control, nano iron chelate (0.5, 1 and 1.5 g.l^-1) and iron chelate (1 and 1.5 g.l^-1) fertilizers. The results showed that the effect of foliar application of iron fertilizers was significant on iron and chlorophyll contents, stomatal conductance, transpiration, net photosynthesis and quantum yield. The highest iron content, stomatal conductance, transpiration and quantum yield were observed in plant sprayed with 1 g.l^-1nano iron chelate. The highest values of chlorophyll, cartenoid and net photosynthesis were obtained in plant sprayed with 1.5 g.l^-1nano iron chelate. The lowest values of mentioned traits were observed in control treatment. Eugenol, 1,8-cineol and methyl chavicol were the main oil components. Overall, in regard to obtained results, for increasing mentioned traits of holy basil, foliar application of nano iron chelate with 1 g.l^-1 is recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Chlorophyll
Holy basil
iron
Net photosynthesis

مراجع

Arnon, A. N. (1967). Method of extraction of chlorophyll in the plants. Agronomy Journal, 23, 112- 121.
Balakrishnan, K., Rajendran, C. & Kulandaivelu, G. (2000). Differential responses of iron, magnesium, and zinc deficiency on pigment composition, nutrient content and photosynthetic activity in tropical fruit crops. Photosynthetica, 38, 477- 479.
Gang, D. R., Wang, J., Dudareva, N., Nam, K. H., Simon, J. E., Lewinsohn, E. & Pichersky, E., 2001. An investigation of the storage and biosynthesis of phenylpropenes in sweet basil. Journal of Plant Physiology, 125, 539- 555.
Harsa, B.H., Hebbar, S.S., Shripathi, V. & Hedge, G.R. (2003). Ethnobotany of Uttara Kannada district in Karnataka, India - plants in treatment in skin diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 84, 37-40.
Kakaraparthi, P.S., Rajput, D.K. & Arigarui, N.K. (2013). Response of Ocimum tenuiflorum variety CIM-AYU to sulphur fertilization in the semi-arid tropical region of Deccan plateau in India. International Journal of Scientific Research, 2(10), 1- 6.
Kalyankumar, P., Rupesh Kumar, M., Kavitha, K., singh, J. & Rawoof, Kh. (2012). Pharmacological Actions of Ocimumsacntum-Review Article. International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry, 1(3), 406- 411.
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A.H. (2007). Principle in plant nutrition. Isfahan University of Technology Pub. (in Farsi)
Kiani, Sh. (2012). Effects of iron on efficiency and map of photosystem II photochemical yield of rose flower using chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 2(8), 25-35. (in Farsi)
Kibler, A. (2014). Establishment of an efficient protocol for the Micro propagation of Holy Basil (Ocimum Sanctum L.). M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Agriculture. Guelph University, Canada.
Larbi, A., Morales, F., Lopez-Millan, A. F., Gogorcena, Y., Abadia, A., Moog, P. R. & Abadia, J. (2001). Technical advance: reduction of Fe (III) chelate by mesophyll leaf disks of sugar beet. Multi- component origin and effect of Fe deficiency. Plant Cell Physiology, 42(1), 94- 105.
Lindsay, W.L. & Norvell, W.A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America, 42, 421-428.
Mahmoodi, M. (2013). Diurnal variations of gas exchange characteristics in leaves of anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) under normal, drought stress and recovery conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-products, 1, 91-101.
Marscher, H. (2011). Mineral Nutrition of High Plant. (3th ed.). Academic press.
Mazaherinia, S., Astaraei, A., Fotovat, A. & Monshi, A. (2010). Effect of iron oxides (ordinary and nano) and municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) coated sulfur on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant iron concentration and growth, Journal of Iranian Field Crop Research, 8(5), 855-861. (in Farsi)
Misra, A., Dwivedi, S., Tewari, S., Khan, A. & Kumar, R. (2007). Analysis of growth, physiology, photosynthesis, essential monoterpene oil (s) yield and quality in Ocimum sanctum L. genotypes. Bioscience Research, 4(1), 1-5.
Mohammadi poor, R., Sedaghathoor, S. & Mahboub homami, A. (2013). Effect of application of iron fertilizers in two methods 'foliar and soil application' on growth characteristics of Spathyphyllum illusion. European Journal of Experimental Biology, 3(1), 232- 240.
Mondal, Sh., Mirdha, B.R. & Mahapatra, S.C. (2009). The science behind sacredness of tulsi(Ocimum sanctum L.). Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 53(4), 291-306.
Morales, F., Abadía, A. & Abadía, J. (1998). Photosynthesis, quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence and thermal energy dissipation in iron-deficient sugar beet leaves. Journal of Plant Physiology, 25, 403-412.
Mousa, G.T., El-Sallami, I. H. & Ali, E. F. (2003). Response of Nigella sativa L. to foliar application of gibberellic acid, benzyl adenine, iron and zinc. Assiut Journal of Agricultural of Science (Egypt), 32, 141-156.
Nasiri, Y., Zehtab Salmasi, S., Nasrullah Zadeh, S., Ghassemi Gholezani, K., Najafi, N. & Javanmard, A. (2013). Evaluation of foliar spray of ferrous sulfate and zinc sulfate on yield and nutrients concentration of aerial parts in German chamomile. Journal of Agricultural Science, 23(3), 105-115. (in Farsi)
Peyvandi, M., Mirza, M. & Kamali Jamakani, Z. (2011). The effect of nano Fe chelate and Fe chelate on the growth and activity of some antioxidant of Satureja hortensis, New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 2(5), 25-32. (in Farsi)
Peyvandi, M., Parande, H. & Mirza, M. (2011). Comparison of nano Fe chelate with Fe chelate effect on growth parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity of Ocimum basilicum.New Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Journal, 1(4), 89-98. (in Farsi)
Pojjanapimol, S. (2004). Characterization of aroma impact compounds in fresh, heated and dried holy basil (Ocimum sanctum) Leaves. Ph.D. Dissertation, Kasetsart University, Thailand.
Prakash, P. & Gupta, N. (2005). Therapeutic uses of Ocimum sanctum Linn (tulsi) with a note on eugenol and its pharmacological actions: a short review. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology, 49(2), 125-131.
Rombol, A.D., Gogorcena, Y., Larbi, A., Morales, F., Baldi, E., Marangoni, B., Tagliavini, M. & Abad, J. (2005). Iron deficiency-induced changes in carbon fixation and leaf elemental composition of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) plants. Plant and Soil, 271, 39-45.
Sharma, T. (2010).Toxic effect of Ocimum sanctum plant extract against Acrida exaltata (Orthoptera: Acrididae) adults. Journal of Environmental Research and Development, 4(4), 1008-1012.