تأثیر سطوح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم بر رنگیزه‌های نورساختی، میزان و اجزای اسانس مرزۀ تابستانۀ رقم اصلاح‌شدۀ ساترن (Satureja hortensis L. cv Saturn)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

2 دانشجوی سابق دکتری علوم باغبانی پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج و عضو هیئت‌علمی گروه گیاهان دارویی و معطر دانشگاه جهرم

3 استادیار، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج

4 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، بخش منابع طبیعی

چکیده

به‌منظور بررسی تأثیر سطوح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم بر رنگیزه‌های نورساختی (فتوسنتزی)، میزان و اجزای اسانس گیاه مرزۀ تابستانه (Satureja hortensis L.)، آزمایشی بر پایۀ طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با پنج تیمار و سه تکرار در شرایط آب و هوایی کرج به اجرا درآمد. تیمارها شامل پنج سطح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم شامل: شاهد (0)، 40، 60، 80 و 100 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم بود که به‌صورت سرک به کرت‌ها اضافه شد. در مرحلۀ گلدهی کامل، بوته‌های مربوط به هر تیمار برداشت شدند و صفات مورد بررسی شامل میزان سبزینه یا کلروفیل (b,a و کل)، میزان کاروتنوئید، درصد، عملکرد و اجزای اسانس اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج، نشان‌دهندۀ تفاوت معنی‌دار تیمارها بر برخی از صفات اندازه‌گیری شده بود. از 26 ترکیب شناسایی‌شده در تیمارهای مختلف، تنها دوازده ترکیب تحت تأثیر سطوح کودی قرار گرفتند. همچنین درصد و عملکرد اسانس نیز به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تیمارها تغییر پیدا کردند. با افزایش سطوح مختلف سولفات آمونیوم درصد و عملکرد اسانس افزایش معنی‌داری پیدا کرد به‌طوری‌که بالاترین درصد و عملکرد اسانس (به ترتیب 55/3 درصد و 97/49 میلی‌لیتر) مربوط به تیمار 100 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم و کمترین میزان (به ترتیب 68/2 درصد و 32/16 میلی‌لیتر) مربوط به تیمار شاهد بود. کارواکرول به‌عنوان ترکیب اصلی این گیاه تحت تأثیر تیمار کودی قرار گرفت. بالاترین میزان کارواکرول (06/52 درصد) و کمترین میزان (57/46 درصد) به ترتیب در تیمارهای40 و 60 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم اندازه‌گیری شد. کمترین میزان محتوای سبزینۀ کل (69/18 میلی‌گرم بر گرم نمونۀ تر) مربوط به تیمار 100 کیلوگرم سولفات آمونیوم بود و دیگر تیمارها در یک گروه قرار داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of Ammonium Sulfate on photosynthesis pigments, essential oil content, yield and component of improved summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L. cv. Saturn)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mesbah Babalar 1
  • Saeedeh Mohtashami 2
  • Leila Tabrizi 3
  • Vahi Roshan 4
1 Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Former Ph.D. Student, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran and Faculty Member of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Department, Jahrom University, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study a the effect of different levels of Ammonium Sulfate on photosynthesis pigments, essential oil content and components in summer Savory, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five treatments and three replications on Karaj climate conditions. The treatments included five levels of ammonium sulfate consist of: control (without fertilizer), 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg/h of ammonium sulfate that were applied as split application (three weeks after sowing). At full flowering stage, the plant samples of all treatments were harvested and measured for the desired attributes such as Chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoide, essential oil percentage, yield and components (consist of 26 compounds by GC-MS apparatus). The results showed significant differences among treatments on some traits measured. Among 26 identified components in different treatments, just 12 combinations were affected by ammonium sulfate fertilizer. Also, essential oil percentage and yield were significantly affected by treatments. With increasing ammonium sulfate concentration, essential oil percentage and yield significantly increased, so that the highest essential oil percentage and yield (3.55% and 49.97 ml, respectively) related to 100 kg ammonium sulfate and the lowest content (2.68% and 16.32 ml respectively) belonged to control. Carvacrol, as the main component in this plant was affected by treatments. The maximum content (52.06%) in 40 kg ammonium sulfate and the minimum content (46.57%) in 60 kg ammonium sulfate were detected. The lowest total chlorophyll content (18.69 mg/g FW) belonged to 100 kg ammonium sulfate and other treatments were placed in a same group.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Carvacrol
  • Essential oil
  • fertility
  • gamma terpinene
  • Satureja hortensis

مراجع

  1. Adams, R.P. (2001). Identification of essential oil components by Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Allured: Carol Stream IL.
  2. Alizadeh Sahzabi, A., Sharifi Ashorabadi, E., Shiranirad, A.H. & Abaszadeh, B. 2007. The effects of different methods and levels of using nitrogen on some quality and quantity characteristics of Satureja hortensis L. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(3), 416-431. (in Farsi)
  3. Amiri, H. (2009). Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oil and Methanolic Extract of Ziziphora Clinopodioides Lam. in Pre-flowering Stage. Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 16(1): 79-86. (in Farsi).
  4. Aziz Eman, E., El Danasoury, M. M. & Craker, L. (2010). Impact of Sulfur and Ammonium Sulfate on Dragonhead Plants Grown in Newly Reclaimed Soil. Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants, 16, 126-135.
  5. Baghalian, K. & Naghdibadi, H. (2000). Oil-bearing plants, Andarz Publication. 248p. (in Farsi)
  6. Ben Arfa, A., Combes, S., Preziosi-Belloy, L., Gontard, N. & Chalier, P. (2006). Antimicrobial activity of carvacrol related to its chemical structure. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 43, 149-154.
  7. Bernath, J. (2008). Production ecology of secondary plant productions. In: L.E. Craker and J.E. Simon (eds) Herbs, Spices, and Medicinal Plants: Recent Advances in Botany, Horticulture and Pharmacoligy, Vol.1. Oryx Press, Phoenix, Arizona.
  8. Dere, S., Gunes, T. & Sivaci, R. (1998). Spectrophotometric determination of chlorophyll - a, b and total carotenoid contents of some algae species using different solvents. Journal of Botany, 22, 13-17.
  9. Dialami, H., & Mohebbi, H. (2010). Effect of Applying of Sulfur Along with Thiobacillus Inoculant and Manure on Leaf Nutrient Contents and Vegetative Growth Characteristics in Date Palm ‘Barhee’. Journal of Horticultural Science, 24(2), 189-194. (in Farsi)
  10. Elwan, M. W. M. & Abd El-Hamed, K. E. (2011). Influence of nitrogen form, growing season and sulfur fertilization on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli. Scientia Horticulturae, 127, 181-187.
  11. Ghani, A., Saharkhiz, M. J., Hassanzadeh, M. & Massada, K. (2009).  Changes in the Essential Oil Content and Chemical Compositions of Echinophora platyloba DC. During Three Different Growth and Developmental Stages. J. Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 12(2), 162-171.
  12. Ghani, A., Azizi, M.,Pahlavanpour, A. & Hassanzadeh-Khayyat, M. (2009). Comparative study on the essential oil content and composition of Achillea eriophora DC. in field and wild conditions. Journal of Medicinal Plants, 8(2), 120-128. (in Farsi)
  13. Hadian, J., Tabatabaei, S. M. F., Naghavi, M. R., Jamzad, Z., & Ramak-Masoumi, R. (2008). Genetic diversity of Iranian accessions of Satureja hortensis L. based on horticultural traits and RAPD markers. Scientia Horticulturae, 115, 196-202.
  14. Hajhashemi, V., Sadraei, H., Ghannadi, A.R. & Mohseni, S. (2000). Antispasmodic and antidiarrhoeal affect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil. Journal Ethnopharmacol, 71, 1-2.
  15. Jamzad, Z. (2009). Thymus and Satureja species of Iran. Research, Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publication. 171p. (in Farsi)
  16. Maerere, A.P., Kimbi, G.G. & Nonga, D.L.M. (2001). Comparative effectiveness of animal manures on soil chemical properties, yield and root growth of Amaranthus (Amaranthus cruentus L.). African Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4), 14-21.
  17. Mozaffarian, V. (2004). A Dictionary of Iranian Plant Names. Farhange Moaser Publication: Tehran. 671p. (in Farsi)
  18. Najafi, S., Mirseyed Hosseini, H. & Alaee, E. (2012). Study of the Effect of Micronutrient Enriched Sulfur Fertilizer Application in a Calcareous Soil. Journal of Water and Soil, 26(1), 95-103. (in Farsi)
  19. Nguyen, Ph., Kwee, E. & Niemeyer, E. (2010). Potassium rate alters the antioxidant capacity and phenolic concentration of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves. Food Chemistry, 123, 1235-1241.
  20. Omidbaigi, R., Hadjiakhoondi, A. & Saharkhiz M.J. (2003). Changes in content and chemical composition of Pimpinella anisum oil at various harvest times. J. Essential Oil Bearing Plants, 6(1),46-50.
  21. Omidbaigi, R. (2005a). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 1. Behnashr Publication, 347p. (in Farsi)
  22. Omidbaigi, R. (2005 b). Production and processing of medicinal plants. Volume 2. Behnashr Publication, 438p. (in Farsi)
  23. Sadri, A., Kamali, H., & Eskandari, M. (2008). The effect of different date culture and ammonium sulfate levels on yield and yield characteristics of Rapeseed in autumn planting on Maneh and Samalghan zone. The New Agricultural Findings Journal, (4), 376-386. (in Farsi)
  24. Sarwar, S., Ahmad, F., Hamid, F. S., Khan, B. M. & Khurshid, F. (2007). Effect of different nitrogenous fertilizers on the growth and yield of three years old tea (Camellia sinensis) plants. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 23(4), 907-910.
  25. Sefidkon, F., Kalvandi, R. & Mirza, M. (2003). Chemical variation of the essential oil of Nepeta heliotropifolia in different stage of plant growth. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research, 19(3), 255-267.
  26. Sefidkon, F., Sadeghzadeh, L., Teimouri, M., Asgari F. & Ahmadi, Sh. (2007). Antimicrobial effects of the essential oils of two Satureja species (S. Khuzistanica Jamzad and S. bachtiarica Bunge) in two harvesting time. Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 23(2), 174-182. (in Farsi)
  27. Sgherri, C., Cecconami, S., Pinzino, C., Navari-Izzo, F. & Izzo R. (2010). Levels of antioxidants and nutraceuticals in basil grown in hydroponics and soil. Food Chemistry, 123, 416-422.
  28. Shafea, L., Safari, M., Emam, Y. & Mohammadi nejad, Gh. (2011). Effect of Nitrogen and Zinc Fertilizers on Leaf Zinc and Chlorophyll Contents, Grain Yield and Chemical Composition of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids. Seed and Plant Production Journal, 27(2), 235-246. (in Farsi)
  29. Sifola, M. I. & Barbieri, G. (2006). Growth, yield and essential oil content of three cultivars of basil grown under different levels of nitrogen in the field. Scientia Horticulturae, 108, 408-413.
  30. Yazdani, D., Shahnazi, S. & Seyfi, H. (2004). Medicinal plant cultivation.  Medicinal Plants Central Research Publication. 169p. (in Farsi)

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 14 آذر 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 20 فروردین 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 31 فروردین 1394

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار