تغییرپذیری رنگدانه‌های نورساختی، اسید کلروژنیک، اسید کافئیک و پرولین پینة کنگرفرنگی تحت تأثیر کاربرد محرک‏های متابولیتی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدۀ تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

2 دانشیار، دانشکدۀ تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

3 دانشیار دانشکدۀ صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان

چکیده

اسید سالیسیلیک (SA) و متیل جاسمونات (MeJA) به‌عنوان دو هورمون گیاهی با القای ساخت (سنتز) آنزیم فنیل آلانین آمونیالیاز و تحریک تولید و تجمع پروتئین کیناز­ها، اکسیژن­های رادیکال آزاد و اسمولیت­هایی مانند پرولین نقش بسزایی در تولید متابولیت­های ثانویه ایفاء می­کنند. در این پژوهش تأثیر محرک­های SA و MeJA بر تجمع امینواسید پرولین، محتوای اسید کلروژنیک و اسید کافئیک و همچنین غلظت رنگدانه‌های درونی پینة (کالوس) کنگرفرنگی بررسی شد. به این منظور نمونه‏های پینة کنگرفرنگی با پنج سطح 0، 50، 100، 200 و 250 میکرومولار SA و MeJA (الیسیتور) با چهار تکرار، در قالب طرح کامل تصادفی تیمار شدند. بر پایۀ نتایج به‌دست‌آمده تجمع پرولین و محتوای اسید کلروژنیک و اسید کافئیک تحت تأثیر غلظت‌های مختلف محرک‏های به‌کاربرده‌شده قرار داشتند. نکتۀ جالب‌توجه اینکه بین این ترکیب‌ها و تأثیر محرک‏های مورداستفاده همبستگی مشاهده شد. به‌طوری‌که تحت تأثیر تیمار 100 میکرومولار SA بیشترین تجمع اسید کلروژنیک، اسید کافئیک و پرولین مشاهده شد. افزایش سطح محرک­ها از این مقدار،کاهش محتوای اسید کلروژنیک، اسید کافئیک و میزان پرولین را به همراه داشت. در نمونه‌های تیمارشده با MeJA نیز نمونه­های تیمارشده با متیل جاسمونات 100 میکرومولار بیشترین محتوای اسید کافئیک و پرولین را داشته و بیشترین میزان اسید کلروژنیک در تیمار 200 میکرومولار تجمع یافت همچنین بر پایۀ نتایج به‌دست‌آمده ممکن است بیان شود، اگرچه تولید متابولیت‏ها تحت تأثیر محرک‏های متابولیتی افزایش می‌یابند، بااین‌وجود افزایش غلظت محرک‌های متابولیتی بیش‌ازحد بهینه نتیجۀ عکس خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of elicitors on photosynthesis pigments, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid and proline content of Cynara scolymus callus

نویسندگان [English]

  • Saba Samadi 1
  • Azim Ghasemnezhad 2
  • Mehdi Alizadeh 2
  • Mehran Alami 3
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant production, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant production, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Food Science, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Gorgan, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Salicylic acid (SA) and Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) as phytohormone regulate synthesis of secondary metabolites in a wide range of plant species by accumulation of phenylalanine ammonia lyase enzyme (PAL) and accelerate the production of oxygen free radicals, protein kinase, proline and nitrite oxide content. To study the effect of these compounds on synthesis of secondary metabolites, in two separate experiments the callus of artichoke was treated with different levels of MJ and SA (0, 50, 100, 200,250 µM) in the solid MS medium. A positive correlation between proline accumulation and phenolic compounds and negative correlation by photosynthesis pigments showed that in artichoke, the cells try to balance primary and secondary metabolites. Based on the obtained results, when the elicitors applied to cell culture, the amount of phenyl propanoid compounds and proline significantly increased. Application of SA at 100µM had the highest effect on the production of chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid as well as proline. And MJ in 100 µM had the maximum amount of caffeic acid and proline and highest amount of chlorogenic acid was seen in 200 µM. It can be concluded that poly phenolic compounds production, influenced by executed treatments. Optimization the elicitor concentrations could lead to desirable secondary metabolite production of artichoke under in-vitro conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Caffeic Acid
  • chlorogenic acid
  • Methyl jasmonate
  • proline
  • Salicylic Acid
  1. Ahmadi Moghadam, Y., Piri, K. H., Bahramnejad, B. & Habibi, P. (2013). Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic acid effects on the dopamine production in hairy cultures of Portulaca oleracea (purslan). Bulletin on Environmental Pharmacology Life Science, 2(6), 89-94.
  2. Arakawa, T. & Timasheff, S. N. (1983). Preferential interactions of proteins with solvent components in aqueous amino acid solutions. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 244, 169-177.
  3. Arakawat, T. & Timasheff, S. N. (1985). The stabilization of proteins by osmolyts. Biophysics Journal. 47, 411-414.
  4. Arion, W.J., Canfield, W.K., Ramos, F.C. & Schindler, P.W. (1997). Chlorogenic acid and hydroxyl nitrogen 2 aldehyde: new inhibitor of hepatic glucose 6-phosphatase. Archives of Biochemistry, 339 (2), 315-322.
  5. Babar Ali, M., Hahn, E.J. & Peak, K.Y. (2007). Methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid induced oxidative stress and accumulation of phenolics in. Panax ginseng bioreactor root suspension cultures. Molecules, 12, 621-627.
  6. Barnes, S. D., Balaguer, L., Manirque, E., Elvira, S., Davison, A. (1992). A reappraisal of the use of DMSO for extraction and determination of chlorophylls a and b in linchens and higher plants. Environmental Botany, 32, 85-100.
  7. Bates, L. S., Waldern, R. P. & Teare, I. D. (1973) Rapid determination of proline for water stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39(1), 205-207.
  8. Cag, S., Ahir-Oz, G. C., Sarsag, M. & Georen-Saglam, N. (2009). Effect of salicylic acid on pigment, protein content and peroxidase activity in excited sunflower cotyledons. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 41(5), 2297-2303.
  9. Ceccarlli, N., Curadi, M., Picciarelli, P., Martelloni, L., Sbrana, C. & Giovannetti, M. (2010). Globe Artichoke as a functional food. Mediterranean Journal of Natural Metabolism, 3, 197-201.
  10. Chen, H., Jones, A. D. & Howe, G. A. (2006). Constitutive activation of the jasmonate signaling path way enhances the production of secondary metabolites in tomato. FEBS Letters, 580, 2540-25460.
  11. Cheng, J.C., Dai, F., Zhou, B., Yang, L. & Liu, Z.L. (2007). Antioxidant activity of hydroxyl cinnamic acid derivatives in human low density lipoprotein: mechanism and structure-activity relationship. Food Chemistry, 104, 132-139.
  12. Dong, J., Wan, G. & Liang, Z. (2010). Accumulation of salicylic acid induced phenolic compounds and raised activities of secondary metabolic and antioxidant enzymes in Salvia miltorrhiza cell cultur. Journal of Biotechnology, 148, 99-104.
  13. Floxd, R. A. & Nagy, Z. S. (1984). Formation of long –lived hydroxyl free radical adducts of proline and hydroxyl proline in a Fenton reaction. Biochemica et Biophysica Acta, 790, 94-97.
  14. Gundluch, H., Muller, M.J., Kutchan, T.M., Zenk, M.H. (1992). Jasmonic acid is a signal trancducer in elicitor induced plant cell Cultures. In: Proceeding of Natural Academic Science USA, 98, 389-2393.
  15. Hare, P. D., Cress, W. A. (1997). Metabolic implications of stress induced proline accumulation in plants. Plant Growth Regulation, 21, 79-102.
  16. Hosseini, S. S., Mashayekhi, K., Alizadeh, M. & Ebrahimi, P. (2011). Effect of salicylic acid on somatic embryogenesis and chlorogenic acid levels of carrot (Daucus carota cv. Nantes) explants. Ornamental and Horticultural Plant, 1(2), 105-113.
  17. Kandpal, R.P. & Rao, N.A. (1985). Alterations in biosynthesis of proteins and nucleic acids in finger millet (Eleucine coracana) seedlings during water stress and effect of proline on protein biosynthesis. Plant Science, 40, 73-79.
  18. Kovacik, J., Klejdus, B., Hedbavny, J. & Backor, M. (2010). Effect of copper and salicylic acid on phenolic metabolites and free amino acids in Scenedesmus quadricauda (chlorophylaceae). Plant Science, 178, 307-311.
  19. Lafuente, M.T., Sala, J.M. & Zacarias, L. (2004). Active oxygen detoxifing enzymes and phenyl alanin ammonia lyase in the ethylene induced chilling tolerance in citusfuit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, 3606-3611.
  20. Lapattelli, G., Marchesi, S., Lombardini, R., Roscini, A. R., Trinca, F., Gemelli, F. & Elmo, M. (2004). Artichoke juice improves endothelial function in hyperlipemia. Life Science, 76 (7), 775-782.
  21. Larrond, F., Gaudillere, J.P., Krisa, S., Decend, A., Deffieux, G. & Merillon, J. M. (2003). Airborne methyl jasmonate induces stilbene accumulation in leaves and berries of grapevine plants. Am. J. Enol. Vitic, 54, 63-66.
  22. Lesli, C.A. & Romani, R.J. (1988). Inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis salicylic acid. Plant Physiology, 88, 833-837.
  23. Li, H., Xia, N.B., Rausch, I., Yao, Y. & Forstermann, U. (2004). Flavonoids from artichoke (Cynara scolymus L) upregulate endothelial-type nitric oxide syntase gene expression in human endothelial cells. Pharmacology and Exprimental Therapeutics, 310 (3), 926-932.
  24. Popova, L., Ananieva, E., Hristova, V., Christov, K., Georgieva, K., Alexieva, V. & Stoinova, Z. H. (2003). Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonte induced protection on photosynthesis to paraquat oxidative stress. Plant Physiology and Special Issue, 133-152.
  25. Raman, V. & Ravi, S. (2011). Effect of Salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate on antioxidant systems of Heamatococcus pluvialis. Acta Physiology Plant, 33, 1043-1049.
  26. Rodolph, A.S., Crowe, S.H. & Crowe, L.M. (1986). Effects of three stabilizing agents-proline, betaine and trehalose-on membr and phospholipids. Archive of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 245, 134-143.
  27. Roustan, J. P., Lotch, A. & Fallot, J. (1989). Stimulation of Daucus carota somatic embryogenesis by inhibitors of ethylene synthesis cobalt and nickel. Plant Cell Reports, 8, 182-185.
  28. Rudell, D. R. & Matteis, J. P. (2002). Methyl jasmonate enhances anthocyanin accumulation and modifies production of phenolics and pigments in fuji apples. Journal of American Society for Horticultural Science, 127, 435-441.
  29. Santos-games, P. C., Seabra, R. M., Andrade, P. B. & Fernandes-ferreira, M. (2002). Determination of phenolic antioxidant compounds produced by calli and cell suspensions of sage (Salvia officinalis L.). Plant Physiology, 160, 1025-1032.
  30. See, K. S., Bhatt, A. & Keng, C. L. (2011). Effect of sucrose and methyl jasmonate on biomass and anthocyanin production in cell suspension culture of Melastoma malabathricum (Melastomaceae). Review of Biological Trop, 59 (2), 597-606.
  31. Smirnoff, N. & Cumbes, Q. J. (1989). Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of compatible solutes. Phytochemistry, 28, 1057-1060.
  32. Torel, J., Cillard, J. & Cillard, P. (1986). Antioxidant activity of flavonoids and reactivity with peroxy radical. Phytochemistry, 25 (2), 383-385.
  33. Trajtemberg, S. P., Apstolo, N. M. & Fernandez, G. (2006). Calluses of Cynara cardunculus var cardunculus cardoon (asteraceae): determination of cynarine and chlorogenic acid by automated high-performance capillary electrophoresis. In Vitro Cellular Developmental Biology-Plant, 42, 537-537.
  34. Wang, K., Jin, P., Cao, S., Shang, H., Yang, Z. & Zheng, Y. (2009). Methyl jasmonate reduces decay and enhances antioxidant capacity in chines bayberries. Agricultural Food Chemistry, 57, 5809-5850.
  35. Ziaei, C., Dast Pak, A., Naghdi Badi, H., Poor Hoseini, L., Hemmati Moghadam, A. & Ghorori Naiini, M. (2004). A review on Cynara scolymus L. journal of Medicinal plants, 13, 1-10. (in Farsi)