برهمکنش خاکپوش سفید و زمان کاربرد نیتروژن در آخر فصل رشد بر گلدهی و اجزاء عملکرد توت‌فرنگی (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) در بهار سال بعد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 گروه علوم باغبانی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان

3 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر زمان کاربرد کود اوره و خاکپوش پلاستیکی سفید بر گلدهی و اجزاء عملکرد دو رقم توت­فرنگی پاروس و کوئین­الیزا در شرایط مزرعه انجام گرفت. آزمایش به‌صورت اسپلیت پلات فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی در شرایط کاشت با خاکپوش یا بدون خاکپوش و کود دهی اوره (به میزان 3 گرم برای هر بوته) در چهار زمان (هفته‌های اول تا چهارم شهریورماه) و در دو رقم توت‌فرنگی با سه تکرار اجرا شد. پس از اعمال تیمارها در مهرماه میزان کربوهیدرات­های محلول کل و پروتئین‌های محلول کل برگ اندازه­گیری شدند. در فصل بهار شمار گل‌آذین، شمار گل در گل‌آذین، شمار گل در گیاه، شمار میوه در گیاه، میانگین وزن میوه و عملکرد ارزیابی شدند. میزان کربوهیدرات­های محلول کل و پروتئین­های محلول کل در اثر کاربرد کود اوره در هفتة سوم و چهارم شهریور و خاکپوش به‌طور معنی­داری افزایش یافتند که این افزایش منجر به افزایش معنی­دار شمار گل­آذین و گل در گیاه در بهار سال بعد شد و در نهایت شمار میوه و عملکرد را به‌طور معنی­داری افزایش دادند. به‌طورکلی شمار گل و میوه در هر گیاه در رقم پاروس بیشتر از رقم کوئین­الیزا بود ولی عملکرد و میانگین وزن میوه در رقم کوئین­الیزا بیشتر از رقم پاروس بود. این نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد کود اوره در هفتة سوم و چهارم شهریور همراه با کاربرد خاکپوش پلاستیکی سفید می­تواند به افزایش تولید میوه در توت­فرنگی منجر شده و عملکرد را افزایش دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Interaction of white mulch and nitrogen fertilization timing in the late season on flowering and yield components of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) in the following spring

نویسندگان [English]

  • Naser Ghaderi 1
  • Bakhtyar Shokri 3
چکیده [English]

Effects of nitrogen fertilization timing close to the beginning of short-day period and white mulch on flowering and yield components have been studied in ‘Paros’ and ‘Queen elisa’ strawberry cultivars. Split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments (two mulch treatments × N fertilization during four different times from last week of August to third week of September) and three replications were used. Total soluble carbohydrates and total soluble proteins of leaves were measured in October. Yield components of both cultivars were evaluated during next spring. Soluble carbohydrates and soluble proteins were increased in plants subjected to nitrogen in the second and the third week of September as well as mulch in both cultivars. This was accompanied by an increase in inflorescence, flower and fruit number per plant in next spring. The greatest flowering enhancement, increased number of flowering and number of inflorescences per plant occurred when N fertilization started second and third week of September compared with the last week of August. General results showed that flower and fruit number per plant were higher in ‘Paros’ compared to ‘Queen elisa’, but average of fruit weight and yield were higher in ‘Queen elisa’ compared to ‘Paros’. These results suggest that application of nitrogen in the second and third week of September, along with the use of mulch can increase strawberry fruit production.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Flowering
  • Soluble carbohydrate
  • strawberry
  • timing of n fertilization
  • yield
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