بررسی تغییرپذیری‌های عناصر غذایی، ویژگی‌های رشدی و فیزیولوژیک در چند رقم و دورگه بین‌گونه‌ای انگور در شرایط تنش شوری ناشی از کلرید سدیم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار پژوهشی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه

چکیده

انتخاب انگورهای متحمل به شوری به‌عنوان پایه یا رقم و یافتن شاخص­هایی برای غربال ژنوتیپ­های متحمل، بسیار اهمیت دارد. به این منظور تأثیر چند غلظت کلرید سدیم (0، 50، 100 و 150 میلی‌مولار) روی طول ریشه، وزن خشک‌ریشه و ساقه، شدت آسیب‌‌های شوری، پرولین، قندهای محلول، محتوای آب نسبی، میزان سدیم، کلر، پتاسیم و نیترات برگ رقم‌های رشه، ریش‌بابا، ات اوزوم، سایانی و دو دورگۀ بین‌گونه‌ای در قالب آزمایش فاکتوریل با پایۀ بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار درون گلدان در شرایط هوای آزاد بررسی شد. میزان رشد، وزن خشک‌ریشه و ساقه و RWC با افزایش شوری، کاهش یافتند. شوری در چند رقم باعث افزایش میزان پرولین و قندهای محلول شد، کمترین تجمع سدیم و کلر در برگ­های دورگ H6 و رقم‌های سایانی و رشه دیده شد. در غلظت­های بالای شوری پتاسیم و نیترات برگ کاهش یافت. کمترین آسیب‌های شوری در دورگ­ها و رقم رشه مشاهده شد. در غلظت 150 میلی‌مولار تنها H6 تحمل مناسبی را نشان داد. بر پایۀ میزان تجمع سدیم و کلر برگ و آسیب‌های وارده به شاخه­ و برگ و میزان رشد در بین رقم‌ها، رشه و در بین دورگ‌ها، H6 تحمل نسبی به شوری نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Salinity effects on plant tissue nutritional status as well as growth and physiological factors in some cultivars and interspecies hybrids of grape

نویسنده [English]

  • Hamed Doulati Baneh
Scientific board member
چکیده [English]

Selection and use of tolerant grapevine as rootstock or own-rooted vines and finding indexes for screening of resistant genotypes have especial importance. To identify the salt tolerant grapevine genotypes, effects of NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) on root length, root and shoot dry weight, prolin, total soluble solid, RWC, level of salt injury, leaf concentration of K, Na, Cl and NO3 of ‘Rasha’, ‘Rishbaba Qermez’, ‘At ouzum’, and ‘Sayani’ as well as two inter- species hybrids was investigated in factorial experiment based on RCBD design. Results showed that increasing NaCl concentration caused a significant reduction in shoot growth, the average root and shoot dry weight and RWC of all genotypes. Increasing NaCl concentration caused a significant production of prolin and soluble sugar in some genotypes. The lowest Cl and Na accumulation was obtained in leaves of H6 and then in Sayani and Rasha, respectively. In high salt concentration, leaf K and No3 contents were decreased. The lowest salinity symptoms were observed in leaves and shoots of two hybrids as well as in ‘Rasha’. In 150 Mm NaCl, only hybrid H6 showed medium degree of tolerance. Based on Na and Cl accumulation in leaves, salt damage symptoms and vegetative growth rate, ‘Rasha’ cultivar and H6 hybrid showed logical salt tolerance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Chloride
  • Growth
  • proline
  • tolerance
  • Vitis

مراجع

  1. Askri, H., Daldoul, S., Ben Ammar, A., Rejeb, S., Jardak, R., Nejib, M., Mliki, M. & Ghorbel, A. (2012). Short-term response of wild grapevines (Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris) to NaCl salinity exposure: changes of some physiological and molecular characteristics. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 34(3), 957-968.
  2. Banuls, J., Legaz, F. & Primo-Millo, E. (1990). Effect of salinity on uptake and distribution of chloride and sodium in some sitrus scion root stock combination. Journal of Horticultural Science, 65, 715-724.
  3. Bartles, D. & Sunkar, R. (2005). Drought and salt tolerance in plants: a review. Plant Science, 24, 23-58.
  4. Bates, L. S., Waldren, R.P. & Teare, I.D. (1973). Rapid determination of free proline for water-stress studies. Plant and Soil, 39, 205-207.
  5. Bernstein, L., Ehlig, C. F. & Clark, R. A. (1969). Effect of grape rootstock on chloride accumulation in leaves. Journal.of American Society for Horticultural Science, 94(6), 584-590.
  6. Cataldo, D.A., Haroon, M., Schrader, L.E. & Youngs, V.L. (1975) Rapid colorimetric determination of nitrate in plant tissue by nitration of salicylic acid. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 6, 71-80.
  7. Chartzoulakis, K., Loupassaki, M., Bertaki, M. & Androulakis, I. (2002). Effect of NaCl salinity on growth, ion content and CO2 assimilation rate of six olive cultivars. Scientia Horticulturae, 96, 235-247.
  8. Downton, W. G. S. & Millhouse, J. (1983). Turgor maintenance during salt stress prevents loss of variable fluorescence in grapevine leaves. Plant Science Letters, 31, 1-7.
  9. Downton, W. J. S. (1997). Photosynthesis in salt-stressed grapevines. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 4(2), 183-192.
  10. Downton, W.G.S., Loweys, B.R. & Grant, W.G.R. (1990). Salinity effects on the stomatal behavior of grapevine. New phytologist, 116, 499-503.
  11. Fisarakis, I., Chartzoulakis, K. & Stavrakas, D. (2001). Response of Sultana vines (V. vinifera L.) on six rootstocks to NaCl salinity exposure and recovery. Agricultural Water Management, 51, 13-27.
  12. Fisarakis, I., Nikolaou, N., Tsikalas, P., Therios, I. & Stavrakas, D. (2004). Effect of salinity and rootstock on concentration of Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphours and Nitrat-Nitrogen in Thompson seedless Grapevine. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 2117-2134.
  13. Fozouni, M., Abbaspour, N. & Doulati Baneh, H. (2012). Short term response of grapevine grown hydroponically to salinity: Mineral composition and growth parameters. Vitis, 51 (3), 95-101.
  14. Francois, L. E. & Clark, R. A. (1979). Accumulation of sodium and chloride in leaves of sprinkler irrigated grapes. Journal of American Society of Horticultural Science, 104, 11-13.
  15. Gratten, S. R. & Grieve, C. M. (1999). Salinity-mineral nutrient relations in horticultural crops. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 127-158.0
  16. Hsiao, T.C. & Xu, L.K. (2000). Sensitivity of growth of roots versus leaves to salt stress: biophysical analysis and relation to water transport. Journal of Experimental Botany, 51, 1595-1616.
  17. Inal, A. (2002). Growth, proline accumulation and ionic relations of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) as influenced by NaCl and Na2SO4 salinity. Turkish Journal of Botany, 26, 285-290.
  18. Irigoyen, J.J., Emerich, D.W. & Sanchez-Diaz, M. (1992). Water stress induced changes in concentrations of proline and total soluble sugars in nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 84, 55-60.
  19. Katerji, N., Van Horn, J. W., Hamdy, A. & Mastrorilli, M. (2000). Salt tolerance classification of crops according to soil salitity and to water stress day index. Agriculture, water management, 43, 99-109.
  20. Lauchi, A. & Schubert, S. (1989). The role of calcium in the regulation of membrane and cellular growth processes under salt stress. Environmental stress in plants. Springer Verlag, 131-138.
  21. Levitt, J. (1980). Responses of plants to environmental stresses: water, radiation, salt and other stresses. Vol. II. Academic Press, New York.
  22. Martinez-Barroso, M.C. & Alvarez, C.E. (1997). Toxicity symptoms and tolerance of strawberry to salinity in the irrigation water. Scientia Horticulturae, 71, 177-188.
  23. Mohammadkhani, N., Heidari, R. & Abbaspour, N. (2013a). Comparative study of salinity effects on ionic balance and compatible solutes in nine Iranian table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genotypes. Journal International des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin, 47(2), 99-114.
  24. Mohammadkhani, N., Heidari, R. & Abbaspour, N. (2013b). Effects of salinity on antioxidant system in four grape (Vitis vinifera L.) genotypes. Vitis, 52(3), 105-110.
  25. Munns, R., James, R. & Lauchli, A. (2006). Approaches to increasing the salt tolerance of wheat and other cereals. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(5), 1025-1043.
  26. Munns, R. & Tester, M. (2008). Mechanisms of salinity tolerance. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 59, 651-681.
  27. Singh, S. K., Sharma, H. C., Goswami, A. M., Datta, S. P. & Singh, S. P. (2000). In vitro growth and leaf composition of grapevine cultivar as affected by sodium chloride. Biologia Plantarum, 43(2), 283-286.
  28. Smart, R.E. & Bingham, G.E. (1974). Rapid estimates of relative water content. Plant Physiology, 53, 256-260.
  29. Storey, R. & Walker, R. R. (1999). Citrus and salinity. Scientia Horticulturae, 78, 39-81.
  30. Town, M. H., Thummala, C., Mahamed, H. & Zafar, S. (2008). Recent advances in salt stress biology- a review. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 3(1), 8-13.
  31. Walker, R. R. (1994). Grapevine responses to salinity. Bulletion Del. O. I. V. 634-661.
  32. Walker, R. R., Deider, H. B., Peter, R. C. & Ray, L. C. (2004). Rootstock effects on salt tolerance of irrigated field-grown grapevines (Vitis Vinifera L.cv. Sultana) 2. Ion concentration in leaves and juice. Australian Journal of Grape and wine Research, 10, 90-99.
  33. White, P.J. & Broadley, M.R. (2001). Chloride in soils and its uptake and movement within the plant: a review. Annals of Botany, 88, 967-988.

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 24 فروردین 1393
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 مرداد 1393
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 26 مهر 1393

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار