نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران شرق
2 استاد، موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
3 استاد، مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور
4 استادیار، دانشگاه پیام نور، مرکز تهران شرق
5 مؤسسه تحقیقات جنگل ها و مراتع کشور
چکیده
جنس بومادران در ایران 19 گونة گیاه علفی چندساله و معطر دارد که شش گونۀ آن انحصاری ایران است. در این تحقیق با هدف بررسی اسانس جمعیت‌های مختلف بومادران با نام علمی Achillea nobilis L. (بومی ایران) در شرایط زراعی، بذر22 جمعیت گیاه از رویشگاه‌های مختلف گرد‌آوری‌شده و در مزرعۀ تحقیقاتی کشت شد. سرشاخه‌های گل‌دار در هنگام اوج گلدهی برداشت و پس از خشک‌کردن در سایه، اسانس‌گیری به روش تقطیر با آب صورت گرفت. اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه‌های رنگ‌نگاری‌گازی (گازکروماتوگرافی) (GC) و رنگ‌نگاری‌گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC/Mass) تجزیه شدند. بازدۀ اسانس‌ها از 33/0 درصد تا 44/1درصد متفاوت بود. کمترین بازدۀ اسانس در جمعیت سمنان (33/0 درصد) و بیشترین بازدۀ اسانس در جمعیت سنندج (44/1 درصد) مشاهده شد. تجزیۀ خوشه‌ای (کلاستر) بر پایۀ ترکیب‌های اسانس‌ها نشان داد که کل نمونه‌های (accessions) موردبررسی در دو خوشۀ جداگانه قرار گرفتند. ترکیب اصلی اسانس خوشة-1 آرتمیزیاکتون بود که بیشترین میزان آن (5/85درصد) در جمعیت سنندج بود. در اسانس جمعیت‌های گرگان-2 5/84درصد، مراوه تپه-1 6/81 درصد، زنجان-1 3/81درصد، گلستان-2 2/80 درصد و گلستان-3 1/80درصد آرتمیزیاکتون وجود داشت. در اسانس نمونه‌های خوشة-2 میزان آرتمیزیاکتونکمتر بوده و این جمعیت‌ها بر پایۀ میزان آلفا-توجون، بتا-توجون، 8،1-سینئول و سیس-کریزانتنول به‌صورت بسیار متمایزی گروه‌بندی شدند. جمعیت همدان-2 موجود در این گروه‌بندی منبع غنی از سیس-کریزانتنول (7/41درصد) بود. جمعیت‌های گرگان-1 و خرم‌آباد منابع غنی از آلفا-توجون (به ترتیب 1/52درصد و 3/49درصد) بودند و جمعیت گرگان-1 بالاترین میزان بتا-توجون (9/17درصد) را داشت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
Phytochemical variation of the essential oils of different populations of Achillea nobilis L.
نویسندگان [English]
- Roghayeh Azimi 1
- Fatemeh Sefidkon 2
- Parvin Salehi 3
- Azam Monfared 4
چکیده [English]
The Achillea genus has 19 herbaceous aromatic species in Iran, six of them are endemic. One of the native species of this genus is Achillea nobilis. In traditional medicine, different parts of Achillea species are used because of antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and antioxidant properties. In this research, the seeds of Achillea nobilis were collected from different provinces of Iran and cultivated in the field of Alborz Research Station, Karaj, Iran. In order to compare the essential oil content and composition, flowering shoots were collected in full flowering stage. The plant materials were dried at shade and their essential oils were obtained by hydro-distillation. The oils were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results showed that the oil yields varied from 0.33% to 1.44%. Semnan sample was produced the minimum amount of oil yield whereas Kordistan population had maximum oil yild. Cluster analysis divided all accessions into two clusters. The main compound in the oils of first cluster was artmisia ktone. The highest amount of Artemisia ketone (85.5%) was found in the oil of Sanandaj population. In the oil of Ghorghan-2, 84.5%, Maraveh Taph 81.6%, Zanjan-1 81.3%, Golestan-2, 80.2% and Golestan-3, 80.1% of Artemisia ketone were identified. In the oils of cluster 2, the percentage of Artemisia ketone was very low. The accessions contained alpha-thujone, beta-thujone and 1, 8-cineole in their oils. Hamedan-2 population was a rich sourc of cis-chrysanthenol, Gorgan-1 and Khoramabad populations were the rich sources of alpha-thujone and Gorgan-1 contained highest amount of beta-thujone.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Achillea nobilis
- Artemisia ketone
- α-thujone
- cis-chrysanthenol
- Essential oil
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