غلظت عناصر معدنی ریشه و برگ چهار پایۀ دانهالی پسته تحت رژیم‏ های مختلف آبیاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق دکتری، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

2 استاد، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

3 استادیار، گروه علوم باغبانی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس تهران

4 استادیار، مؤسسۀ تحقیقات پستۀ کشور

چکیده

‌این پژوهش به‏منظور بررسی اثر تنش خشکی روی رشد و غلظت عناصر معدنی برگ و ریشۀ چهار پایۀ دانهالی پسته شامل بادامی ‏ریز ‏زرند، قزوینی، سرخس و بنه انجام شد. تیمارهای آبیاری شامل 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (شاهد)، 65 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش متوسط) و 30 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه (تنش شدید) بودند که 75 روز روی دانهال‌های چهار‌ماهۀ پسته اعمال شدند. در انتهای آزمایش، مقدار عناصر غذایی در برگ و ریشۀ گیاهان بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که تنش خشکی تأثیرات معنا‏داری روی بیومس و وضعیت مواد معدنی برگ و ریشۀ پایه‏های ‌مطالعه‌شده داشت. از نظر وزن خشک ساقه، ریشه و برگ، پایه‏های‌ بنه و بادامی ‏ریز ‏زرند کمتر تحت‌تأثیر خشکی قرار گرفتند. پایۀ بنه بیشترین مقدار عناصر فسفر و منگنز برگ و فسفر، پتاسیم و کلسیم ریشه را در شرایط تنش آبی نشان داد. پایۀ بادامی ‏ریز ‏زرند نیز بیشترین مقدار منیزیم برگ و ریشه را در شرایط تنش آبی داشت. پایۀ قزوینی بیشترین مقدار ازت، پتاسیم و مس برگ و آهن، مس و روی ریشه را در شرایط تنش آبی داشت. پایۀ سرخس نیز بیشترین مقادیر آهن برگ و ازت و منگنز ریشه را در شرایط تنش خشکی نشان داد. بر‌اساس نتایج می‏توان نتیجه‏ گرفت تنش خشکی تأثیرات منفی بر پایه‏های دانهالی پسته داشت و پایۀ بنه و بادامی ‏ریز ‏زرند نسبت به سایر پایه‏ها مقاومت بیشتری به تنش خشکی نشان دادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Leaf and root mineral concentrations of four pistachio seedling rootstocks under different irrigation regimes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mostafa Ghasemi 1
  • Kazem Arzani 2
  • Abbas Yadollahi 3
  • Hossein Hokmabadi 4
1 Former Ph.D. Student, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Ira
2 Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU), Tehran, Iran
4 Assistant professor, Iran’s Pistachio Research Institute (IPRI)
چکیده [English]

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of water stress on the growth and mineral concentrations in the leaves and roots of four pistachio seedling rootstocks including Pistacia vera ‘Badami-Riz-Zarand’, ‘Ghazvini’, ‘Sarakhs’ and P. mutica. Irrigation treatments were 100% ETc (control), 65% ETc (medium stress) and 30% ETc (severe stress) applying for 75 days on four months old pistachio seedlings. At the end of experiment, biomass and nutrient contents in the leaves and roots were determined. The obtained results indicated that water stress had significant effects on biomass and mineral composition of the leaves and roots of studied rootstocks. In the case of shoot, root and leaf dry weight, the rootstocks P. mutica andP. vera cv. `Badami-Riz-Zarand’ showed lower reduction under water stress. P. mutica showed greatest contents of P and Mn in the leaves and P, K and Ca in the roots under water stress. P. vera ‘Badami-Riz-Zarand’ also showed highest contents of Mg in the leaves and roots under water stress, whereas, `Ghazvini’ showed highest contents of N, K, Cu in the leaves and Fe, Cu, Zn in the root under water stress. Pistacia vera L. ‘Sarakhs’ also showed highest contents of Fe in the leaves and N, Mn in the root under water stress. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that water stress had negative effects on pistachio seedling rootstocks and P. mutica and P. vera ‘Badami-Riz-Zarand’ showed more resistance than the other genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biomass
  • mineral uptake
  • pistachio
  • Rootstock
  • water stress

مراجع

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سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 02 بهمن 1392
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 22 اسفند 1394
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 06 مرداد 1393

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