بررسی اثر سیستم کشت، رقم و محلول‌های غذایی مختلف بر برخی از پارامترهای رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی گیاه سیب ‏زمینی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

2 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان

چکیده

هواکشت، فناوری جدیدی برای تولید ریزغدة‌ سیب‌زمینی محسوب می‌شود. به منظور شناسایی محلول غذایی و رقم سیب‌ز‌مینی مناسب برای تولید ریزغده در سیستم هواکشت و مقایسة آن با سیستم هیدروپونیک کلاسیک، آزمایشی به‌صورت فاکتوریل با سه فاکتور سیستم کشت (هیدروپونیک کلاسیک و هواکشت)، محلول غذایی (محلول چنگ و همکاران، APCoAB و محلول هیدروپونیک تجاری اصفهان)، و سه رقم سیب‏زمینی (مارفونا، سانتانا و مورن) انجام شد. صفات تعداد برگ، سطح برگ، طول استولون، وزن خشک ساقه و ریشه، محتوای رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی، حداکثر عملکرد کوانتومی فتوسیستم 2 (Fv/Fm)، شاخص کارایی فتوسنتزی (PI)، ارزیابی شدند. نتایج نشان داد که گیاهان سیستم هواکشت بدون ارتباط به نوع رقم و محلول غذایی در مقایسه با گیاهان سیستم هیدروپونیک کلاسیک افزایش درخور توجهی در پارامترهای رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی نشان دادند که احتمالاً به دلیل دسترسی بهتر به عناصر غذایی و هوادهی کامل ریشه‌ها بود. به‌طوری‏که وزن خشک ریشه و بخش‏های هوایی گیاه و محتوای رنگدانه‌های فتوسنتزی در سیستم هواکشت بالاتر از سیستم هیدروپونیک کلاسیک بود. همچنین، گیاهان تغذیه‌شده با محلول تجاری هیدروپونیک اصفهان در مقایسه با محلول چنگ و همکاران و محلول APCoAB رشد رویشی بیشتری داشتند، که به دلیل بالا بودن نیتروژن در این محلول غذایی بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the effect of culture system, cultivar and different nutrient solutions on some growth and physiological parameters of potato plant

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Reza Roosta 1
  • Majid Rashidi 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Former M.Sc. Student, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Horticultural Sciences, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aeroponic is a new technology for potato minituber production. In order to recognition of the suitable nutrient solution and potato variety for minituber production in aeroponics in comparison with classic hydroponics, a factorial experiment was carried out with three factors of culture systems (aeroponics and hydroponics), nutrient solutions (Chang et al., 2008; APCoAB and commercial nutrient solution of Esfahan), and three cultivars of potato (Marfana, Santana and Morn). Leaf number, leaf area, stolon length, shoot and roots dry mass, photosynthetical pigments content, photochemical quantum yield of PS II photochemistry (Fv/Fm), photosynthetical performance index (PI) were investigated. Results showed that plants growing in aeroponics exhibited a considerable increase in growth and physiological parameters regardless of cultivar and nutrient solution, compared to classic hydroponic system. It might be due to the better nutrient availability and aeration of roots in this system. Also, root and shoot dry mass of plants and photosynthetic pigment contents were higher in aeroponic than classic hydroponic grown plants. In addition, plants nourished with Esfahan economical nutrient solution had higher vegetative growth compared to Chang et al. (2008) and APCoAB nutrient solution, which was due to the higher N in this solution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aeroponic
  • minituber
  • Soilless culture
  • tuber seed
  1. Anonymous. (2008). International Potato Center, Lima, Peru, Website at http//www.cipotato.org/potato/potato.htm.
  2. Arnon, D. I. (1949). Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplast polyphenol oxidase in Beta vulgaris. Plant Physiology, 24, 1-15.
  3. Chang, D. C., Park, C. S. & Kim, S. Y. (2008). Physiological growth responses by nutrient in aeroponically grown potatoes. American Journal of Potato Research, 85, 315-323.
  4. Cho, Y. D., Kang, S. G., Kim, Y. D., Shin, G. H. & Kim, K. T. (1996). Effects of culture systems on growth and yield of cherry tomatoes in hydroponics. Journal of Agricultural Science, 38, 563-567.
  5. Christie, C. B. & Nichols, M. A. (2004). Aeroponics a production system and research tool. Acta Horticulturae, 648, 185-190.
  6. Correa, R. M., Pinto, J. E. B. P., Pinto, C. A. B. P., Faquin, V., Reis, E. S., Monteiro, A. B. & Dyer, W. E. (2008). A comparison of potato seed tuber yields in beds, pots and hydroponic systems Horticultural Science, 116, 17-20.
  7. Fascella, G. & Zizzo, G.V. (2007). Preliminary results of aeroponic cultivation of Anthurium andreanum for cut flower production. Acta Horticulturae, 747, 233-240.
  8. Hayden, A. L., Brigham, L. A. & Giacomelli, G. A. (2004). Aeroponic cultivation of ginger (Zingiber officinalis) rhizomes. Acta Horticulturae, 659, 397-402.
  9. He, J. & Lee, S. K. (1998). Growth and photosynthetic responses of three aeroponically grown lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa L.) to different rootzone temperatures and growth irradiances under tropical aerial conditions. Journal of Plant Physiology, 152, 387-391.
  10. Hermans, C., Johnson, G. N., Strasser, R. J. & Verbruggen, N. (2004). Physiological characterisation of magnesium deficiency in sugar beet: acclimation to low magnesium differentially affects photosystems I and II. Planta, 220(2), 344-355.
  11. Ian, J., Bingham, A., Glyn Bingoush, A. & Robert, M. (2010). Soil compaction-n interaction in barley: Root growth and tissue composition, Soil and Tillage Research, 106, 241- 246.
  12. Kaftan, D., Brumfeld, V., Nevo, R., Scherz, A. & Reich, Z. (2002). From chloroplasts to photosystems: in situ scanning force microscopy on intact thylakoid membranes. Journal of Experimental botany, 21, 6246-6253.
  13. Kang, J.G., Yang, S.Y. & Kim, S.Y. (1996). Effects of nitrogen levels on the plant growth, tuberization and quality of potatoes grown in aeroponics. Journal of the Korean Socirty for HortScience, 37, 761-766.
  14. Khalilian, A., Hood, C. E., Palmer, J. H., Garner, T. H. & Bathke, G. R. (1991). Soil compaction and crop response to wheat/soybean inter seeding, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 34(6), 2299-2303.
  15. Molitor, H. D., Fischer, M. & Popadopoulos, A. P. (1999). Effect of several parameters on the growth of chrysanthemum stock plants in aeroponics. Volume I. Acta Horticulturae, 481, 179-187.
  16. Movahhedi, Z. (2011). Investigation of the effect of environmental factors on minituber induction of potato in aeroponic system. Ph.D. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. (in Persian)
  17. Nenova, V. (2006). Efect of iron supply on growth and photosystem II efficiency of pea plants. General and Applied Plant Physiology, Special Issue, 81-90.
  18. Otazu, V. (2010). Manual on quality seed potato production using aeroponics. International potato Centre (CIP). Lima, Peru. 44 pp.
  19. Park, H. S. & Chiang, M. H. (1997). Effects of form and concentration of nitrogen in aeroponic solution on growth, chlorophyll, nitrogen contents and enzyme activities in Cucumis sativus L. Plant Journal of the Korean Society for Horticultural Science, 38(60), 642-646.
  20. Pestana, M., Vaennes, A. and Araújo Faria, E. (2003). Diagnosis and correction of iron chlorosis in fruit trees: a review. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, 1(1), 46-51.
  21. Ranalli, P., Bassi, F., Ruaro, G., Del Re, P., Di Candilo, M. & Mandolino, G. (1994). Microtuber and mini-tuber production and field performance compared with normal tubers. Potato Research, 37, 383-391.
  22. Rizza, F., Pagani, D., Stanca, A. M. & Cattivelli, L. (2001). Use of chlorophyll fluorescence to evaluate the cold acclimation and freezing tolerance of winter and spring oats. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 120, 389- 396.
  23. Rolot, J., Seutin, H. & Michelant, D. (2002). Production de minituber cules depomme de terre par hydroponie. Biotechnology Agronomy Society and Environment, 6(3), 155-161.
  24. Shangguan, Z., Shao, M. & Dyckmans, J. (2000). Effects of nitrogen nutrition and water deficit on net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence in winter whet. Journal of plant physiology, 156, 45-51.
  25. Soffer, H. & Burger, D. W. (1988). Effects of dissolved oxygen concentration in aero-hydroponics on the formation and growth of adventitious roots. Amerrican Journal of potato Research, 113, 218-221.
  26. Strasser, R. J., Srivastava, A. & Tsimilli-Michael, M. (2000). The fluorescence transient as a too to characterize and screen photosynthetic samples. Photosynthesis Research, 94, 445-483.
  27. Struik, P. C. & wiersema, S. G. (1999). Seed potato technology. Wagemingen Pers, Wagemingen, Plant Cell, Tissus and Organ Culture, 65, 173-174.
  28. Taiz, L. & Zeiger, E. (2006). Plant Physiology. Sinauer Associates, (3rd ed).
  29. Tukaki, L. & Mahler, R. L. (1989). Evaluation of potting mix composition on potato plantlet tuber production under greenhouse conditions. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 12, 1055-1068.
  30. Wan, W. Y., Cao, W. & Tibbitts, T. W. (1994). Tuber initiation in hydroponically grown potatoes by alteration of solution pH. Horticultural Science, 29, 621-623.
  31. Weathers, P. J. & Zobel, R. W. (1992). Aeroponics for the culture of organisms, tissues and cells. Biotechnology Advances, 10(1), 93-115.